Revolutionizing Hypercholesterolemia Management: Integrating Genetics, Novel Therapies, and Public Health Strategies

Document Type : Original Article

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Medical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Al-Baha University, Al-Baha

Abstract

              Hypercholesterolemia is a physiological condition in which there is an increase in the blood cholesterol. This condition is a genetic risk factor along with being modified by the environment as well as lifestyle factors. The disease is one of the major global issues which is found more in the low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) owing to their lifestyle diseases. It is estimated that approximately 39%-60% of adults worldwide are affected by elevated cholesterol levels, contributing significantly to the global burden of cardiovascular disease, which accounts for over 17 million deaths annually. Other common diseases accompanied by this undocumented medical condition include a stroke, coronary artery disease, and atherosclerosis. A majority identified cause of this disease is high levels of low-density cholesterol lipoproteins which lead to increased formation of vascular plaque. Effective strategies for treatment of the disease include genetic experiments and lipid profiling, some imaging tools were also effective. This is coupled with defining better stratification of risks and treatment options, PCSK9 inhibitors and statins have been common prescriptions due to their efficiency. Even though strides have been made, overcoming challenges such as lipid metabolism complexity, treatment accessibility while focusing on the patients is needed.

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