Immunodetection and Assessment of Circulating Levels of p-Tau 217 and Aβ (1-42) Biomarkers for Discrimination and Laboratory Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease in Egyptian Patients

Abdelaziz, Fatma-Alzahraa M.; Othman, Othman A.; Sayed, Sayed S.; Elsherbiny, Mahmoud; Ismail, Hisham

doi:10.21608/eajbsc.2025.428518

Immunodetection and Assessment of Circulating Levels of p-Tau 217 and Aβ (1-42) Biomarkers for Discrimination and Laboratory Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease in Egyptian Patients

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

¹ Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Dept., Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt.

² Neurology Department., Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Fayoum 63514, Egypt.

³ Therapeutically Chemistry Dept., National Research Center, Giza 12622, Egypt.

10.21608/eajbsc.2025.428518

Abstract

Efficient diagnostic tools with low cost to identify Alzheimer's disease (AD) are desperately needed. Here, we aimed to evaluate circulating p-Tau₂₁₇ and Aβ_(1-42) as potential biomarkers for laboratory diagnosis of AD in Egyptian patients. The present case control study included 65 patients with different neurological disorders aged 55-71 and 16 normal individuals aged 45-68. The patients were 25 with AD, 28 with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and 12 with other neurological disorders (OND). Traditional laboratory tests and serum levels of p-Tau ₂₁₇ and Aβ _(1-42) using ELISA were assessed. Data were analyzed using SPSS program. The mean levels of p-Tau ₂₁₇as well as levels of Aβ _(1-42) were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in AD patients (59.35 pg/mL; 860.4 ng/mL) than that of MCI patients (29.5 pg/mL; 416.79 ng/mL), OND patients (15.83 pg/mL; 296.67 ng/mL), and normal individuals (6.69 pg/mL; 121.25 ng/mL); respectively. Significant positive correlations were shown between both biomarkers and liver functions while substantial negative correlations were with vitamin B12. For discriminating AD patients from non-AD individuals, p-Tau ROC curve showed AUC = 0.937 and Aβ ROC curve showed AUC = 0.931 with efficiency of ~ 85% for laboratory diagnosis of AD. In conclusion, it is anticipated that p-Tau ₂₁₇ and Aβ _(1-42) circulating biomarkers will support AD screening and early diagnosis. Substantial association was identified between AD and liver and kidney functions, Type 2 diabetes mellitus and low levels of vitamin B12. Further studies with a large sample size are required to draw final conclusion.

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