Relation between Variation in Biomarkers of Celiac Disease and Presence of Diabetic Type-1: A Single Center Experience

Background: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) and celiac disease are the most common related autoimmune disorders. There is clinical and pathological overlap between CD and type 1 diabetes T1D, two autoimmune illnesses. Approximately 8% of people with T1D had a mean prevalence of CD. Since T1D patients may not exhibit the classic intestinal symptoms of CD, active case discovery is advised in this higher-risk population. Sensitive and particular serologies, such as tissue transglutaminase (tTG) IgA, deaminated gliadin peptide (DGP) IgA, and IgG, are used for screening. Aim: The study aimed to find the relation between celiac disease biomarkers variation in diabetic type 1. Methods: This retrospective study included all patients diagnosed with CD from January 2022 to June 2023 at King Fahad Hospital in Al-Baha City, Saudi Arabia.Results: The study included 209 participants; of them 56.5% were males, and the average age of the participants was 13.2±6.1 years. Nearly half of the particpants (52.2%) were diagnosed as they have Diabetic type 1. Most of the participants were seronegative for biomarkers of celiac disease. No statistically significant difference between demographic data and seropositivity for celiac diseases. There was a higher proportion of seropositivity among non-diabetic participants compared to those diagnosed with T1D with no significant difference. Conclusion and recommendation: The prevalence of seropositivity for CD markers was low among patients diagnosed with T1D, however, healthcare professionals must be mindful of screening these patients to prevent the potential risks associated with CD, such as microvascular complications and other related health issues.