Evaluation of Midkine Protein in a Sample of Iraqi Patients with Newly Diagnosed Hypothyroidism and Subclinical Hypothyroidism

Thyroid hormone deficiency, with a variety of causes and symptoms, is known as hypothyroidism. Morbidity and mortality are increased by untreated hypothyroidism. Midkine is highly expressed during embryogenesis and governs cell proliferation, angiogenesis, anti-apoptotic actions, survival, and migration, though it is commonly low in maturity. Studies demonstrate that MK expression is highly elevated in thyroid cancers and connected to pathological and clinical characteristics, This study evaluates the relationship of MK with thyroid hormone levels in newly diagnosed hypothyroidism and subclinical hypothyroidism compared with healthy. a case-control study was conducted For the period from November 2022 to January 2023. The 120 participants in the current study, who were Baghdad residents between the ages of )20-65(, were divided into three groups: 30 patients were newly diagnosed with hypothyroidism, and 30 patients had subclinical hypothyroidism. In contrast with 60 healthy subjects (control group). Measurements of S.TSH, Total S.T3, and Total S.T4 parameters. were measured on all groups and the results were compared between them by system automatically and (midkine) by ELISA and whole Electrolytes (Na, k, cl) were measured using a Manual spectrophotometer ( colorimetric). The Results The midkine levels were measured and compared between the control group with the newly diagnosed hypothyroidism group, and the subclinical hypothyroidism group. There was a difference, but this difference did not reach statistical significance, there was a trend towards higher midkine levels in the NDH group compared to the SCH groups and control (p=0.07). while Statistical analysis indicated a significant difference in the midkine levels were measured and compared between the control group and the newly diagnosed hypothyroidism group (p<0.04). As for Age, weight, height and BMI However, these results were not statistically significant. (The probability value was greater than 0.05).
            The control group had a mean sodium level of 145.32 ±6.90, the NDH group had a mean sodium level of 144.43 ±6.30, and the SCH group had a mean sodium level of 143.83 ±7.97. Statistical analysis did not show a significant difference in sodium levels among the groups p=0.62. while observing Statistical analysis revealed a significant difference in potassium levels among the groups (p<0.001). A pairwise comparison showed that the control group had higher potassium levels compared to both the NDH and SCH groups (p<0.001).
              As for chloride, it was noted Statistical analysis indicated a significant difference in chloride levels among the groups (p=0.01). The pairwise comparison revealed that the SCH group had significantly lower chloride levels compared to both the control and NDH groups (p<0.05).