The relationship between Vitamin D3 deficiency and Hormones Imbalance

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INTRODUCTION
Vitamin.D was.discovered by.Edward Amelanby in.1919 during.clinical Experiments with Rickets patients (Mellanby, 1999).If it is considered/the oldest Hormone, was produced in early forms of, life and it is found that phytoplankton, zooplankton, plants and even animals possess this vitamin, those that, are exposed to sunlight, as they have the ability to synthesize it.This Vitamin was considered a hormone in the twentieth century since that time.It is worth noting that two types of.Vitamin.D, and D2, Ergocalciferol, Vitamin,D3.Cholecalciferol (Rizk M et al., 2022) ..Vitamin,D3 is Synthesized in human skin in the summer under influences of Ultraviolet(UV) radiation when exposed to the shines, and from another source as a diet -especially fishes oils, While vitamin,D2 is derived, from another source as a plant source (Holick, 2003), from sea-foods too after the process (Hydroxylation).in the liver ( 25

MATERIALS AND METHODS
One hundred female was randomly selected to share in this study.Five mL of blood was drawn from each participant and a serum sample was collected that was used to measure the level of VitD3, Prolactin, Testosterone and Calcium ( 14).
For detection of (Ca)levels, the colorimetric chemical methods kits(spinreact-TK1001065) the normal value was (8.5-10.5)mg/dL.Ethical Approval: Iraq ministries of higher education and scientific research as well as the Ministry of Health have accredited this study as ethical.

Statistical. Analysis:
Dates were express mean.±SD.ANOVA test and correlation test were used for analysis and the significance of variance at P value < 0.05.

RESULTS
The results of one hundred females were randomly selected to evaluate the level of cholecalciferol (Vit.D3) and the relation with levels of hormone Prolactin, testosterone and calcium.The results in (Figs. 2,3,4,and 5) showed the mean level of VitD3, Prolactin (PRL), Testosterone (TEST) and Calcium.among age groups respectively; The result showed Significant relation between the mean level of VitD3, Prolactin, Testosterone and Calcium among ages group at p.value<0.001.The level of D3 was higher level at the medium age group while decreased in older ages this is associated with the level of PRL, TEST and calcium.
Fig. 2: showed the level of cholecalciferol (D3) among age groups.The data was presented as mean ±SD at ng/ml unite.

Level of Prolactin
Mean Fig. 4: showed the level of Testosterone among age groups.The data was presented as mean ±SD at ng/ml unite.
Fig. 5shows the level of calcium among age groups.The data was presented as mean ± SD at mg/dL Unites.
The correlation between the level of D3 and PRL, TEST and calcium was presented in Figure 6 and Table 1 where the results appear there is an appositive high significant (p=0.000)correlation between D3 and PRL level and an appositive weak non-significant correlation with TEST and calcium.DISCUSSION Vitamin D's relationship to the immunity-system (1,25 (OH) 2D3) has important relationships in modulating the immune system and function, ie acting to enhance the innate immunity system and inhibit adaptive and immune-response, related to increasing the synthesis of interleukin (IL4) via a T-helper (Th) pathway (Alobaidy and Hasan, 2013).2-Lymphocyteand up-regulation, Regulatory(.T.) lymphocyte (T.-Reg).indeed, there are different types of immune cells, such as DC dendritic cells, macrophages, T/and B Lymphocytes that are expressed.VDR and most of them able to synthesizes calcitriol in the pathways of regulation of the metabolite that responds to a number of pro-inflammatory factors such as bacteria lipopolysaccharides and tumor necrosis factors such as (TNF-α).Cytokines derive from macrophages promoting differentiation (T.h) cells.Subsequently, and in association with some co-stimulatory Exogenous.Cytokines produced by a number from Antigen-Presenting.Cells (APC), that is, macrophages in.DCs, differentiating into Th1 or Th2 cells, whose role is to regulate immune responses to cells and antigens (Holick et al., 2013).It is reported that the forms of vitamin D2 and vitamin D3 differ in the structures of the hydrocarbon side chain.The different unaffected metabolic activations are the forms of hormone-stimulating function (Holick et al., 1989).The development of auto-immune disease will be influenced by hormonal pathways, immune activation, and metabolism.Prolactin (PRL), ferritin, vitamin D, and polypeptide antigen in )2OH (dihydroxyvitamin,D), and.kidneys,.(1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin.D) (1,25(OH)2D), an.active metabolites will also be in].cell/thevitamin D receptors are linked to an effect genes such as a (Calcium-Binding.Protein).after transcriptions and translations.a.protein is formed,.eg.Osteocalcin or.Calcium-Binding-Protein.vitamin,D.ismetabolized on liver-tissues and in.kidneys.to.(1,25-DihydroxyvitaminD.(1,25(OH)2D).1,25(OH)2D-Receptor (V.D. R) ; its found on intestine, bones,.tissuesas.brain, heart.stomach, pancreas, activated T.and.B lymphocyte, skins, gonad, (1,25(OH)2D is considered one of most effective.Substances in preventing the proliferates among normal and hyperproliferative cells.instimulating their maturation.The enzymatic mechanism of.1,25(OH)2D production.1,25(OH)2D,and its, analogues would develop in order to treat the.hyperproliferative psoriasis, also known to affect a variety of tissues, vitamin.D deficiency is considered a major, not Just/does and causes rickets in kids, including an increased risk of high blood pressure, multiple sclerosis, Ovarian cancers, and diabetes(type1)as well as,Osteomalacia and Osteoporosis on olde ages, and it may be a long-term effect.Chronic vitamin,D um-inefficiency has consequences for the production of vitamin D,.it be a, better appreciation for the importance of vitamin.D for a general healthy well-being and for a better life (Demer and Hsuand, 2018): shown in Figure(1).

Fig. 3 :
Fig.3: showed the level of Prolactin among age groups.The data was presented as mean ±SD at ng/ml unite.