Clinical and Epidemiological Characteristics of Multiple Sclerosis MS and The Association Between Familial MS and Consanguinity in The Region of Tlemcen (Western Algeria)

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology Health and Proteomics, Biology Department, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Life, Djillali Liabés University of Sidi-Bel-Abbés, BP No. 89 Sidi-Bel-Abbés 22000 Algeria.

2 Department of Medical Neurology, UHC Tlemcen, Algeria.

Abstract

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic demyelinating disease of the central nervous system, of immune origin. The aim of this work was to study the epidemiology and clinical parameters of MS patients and to establish the association between familial MS and consanguinity. A retrospective study was conducted on the medical records of 129 patients with MS diagnosed at the Neurology department of the Tlemcen UHC, in order to determine the epidemiological profile and the biological characteristics. The period is between June 2019 and May 2021. Our sample was reported with 103 women and 26 men, a percentage of 79.8% and 20.2% respectively. The sex ratio (female/male) was 3.96. The patient’s minimum age was 19 and 72 years old with a mean of 40.41 ± 11.72. The mean age of disease onset was 30.71 ± 11.30. The association between consanguinity and familial MS was not significant p = 0.141. The EDSS scale (Expanded Disability Status Scale) was between 0 and 6, with a mean of 2.32 ± 1.42. Among the MS forms, there is a predominance of the relapsing-remitting form (76%), secondary progressive (21.7%) and primary progressive at 2.3%. No significant association was observed between gender and clinical evolution p = 0.432. A significant association between the clinical evolution of MS and the EDSS p=0.000. The MS increased prevalence in the Tlemcen region is probably due to cultural factors. The association with consanguinity was not significant, but the hypothesis is not discarded.

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