Epidemiological Study and Clinical Characteristics of Crohn's Disease in The West Algerian Population

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology Health and Proteomics, Biology Department, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Life, Djillali Liabés University of Sidi-Bel-Abbés, BP No. 89 Sidi-Bel-Abbés 22000 Algeria.

2 National Research Center of Biotechnology. RCBt

3 Department of digestive and laparoscopic surgery, UHC Sidi-Bel-Abbés, Algeria

4 Department of digestive and laparoscopic surgery, EHC Oran, Algeria

5 Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology Health and Proteomics, Biology Department, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Life, Djillali Liabés University of Sidi-Bel-Abbés, BP No. 89 Sidi-Bel-Abbés 22000 Algeria

Abstract

Background: Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic multifactorial inflammatory disorder, characterized by discontinuous lesions that affect the entire gastrointestinal tract from the mouth to the anus. The aim of our work was focused more particularly on the study and determination of epidemiological data, clinical, para-clinical and therapeutic aspects of Crohn's disease in the Western Algerian population. Methods: A retrospective analytical study was carried out at the level of the general surgery department (western Algeria), during the period 2008-2019. Results: During the period of our study, which ran from 2008-2019, we collected 300 cases of Crohn's disease. 184 males and 116 females with a sex ratio of 1.6. Anemia, ESR and CRP were the most impaired biological noted signs. The ileo-caecal location was the most dominant (56%) and the most common phenotype was the inflammatory type (47%). Statistical analysis showed an evidence association between Colic location, ilea-caecal location and gender ( p=0.005; p=0.017). Similarly, we noted a significant relation between Colic location, ilea-caecal location and < 40-year group (P=0.007, p=0.005 respectively). The treatment of Crohn's disease was essentially medical. Nevertheless, surgery remains necessary in most patients as 79% underwent it. Postoperative morbidity was dominated by the occurrence of recurrence (83%). As major risk factors, we noted appendectomy at 17%, smoking at 22.7% and oral contraception at 32%. Conclusions According to our results Crohn's disease is a frequent pathology, its care remains multidisciplinary despite a well-conducted medical treatment and complicated cases are frequently observed. The therapeutic sanction remains surgical which does not protect the patient from the occurrence of recurrence.

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