Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology2090-07671120091201First comparative phenetic studies of the polymorphic species of Coccinella undecimpunctata Linnaeus, using morphometric and RAPD approaches in Egypt1191630110.21608/eajbsc.2009.16301ENHaitham B. M.BadrawyDepartment of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University,
Abbasia- Cairo, EgyptDalia A. M.SalemDepartment of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University,
Abbasia- Cairo, EgyptSalwa K.MohammadDepartment of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University,
Abbasia- Cairo, EgyptMohamed S.SalamaDepartment of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University,
Abbasia- Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20181011In this study, numerical phenetic method and RAPD-PCR technique were carried out on the species <em>Coccinella undecimpunctata</em> L. and its 13 aberrations which were collected from 10 localities in Egypt.
The morphometric analysis and phenotypic features were determined for the aberrations to reveal the phenetic relationships among them. The resulted phenogram showed high degree of variations and affinities (Similarity coeffeciant ranged from 44.7 to 85.7%). RAPD fingerprint profiles were generated by using 5 random primers on genomic DNA to evaluate their phenetic relationships and to investigate the molecular markers among the aberrations genotypes. The similarity coefficient of the produced DNA fragments ranged from 40% to 93.75%.
Cluster analysis based on both morphometric and RAPD data showed that the 14 morphs are grouped into 9 clusters against 8 clusters respectively. In addition, PCA plot allowed differentiating three groups from morphometric data against four groups from RAPD data. Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology2090-07671120091201Physiological effects of envenomation by two different doses of the viper Echis coloratusis crude venom on biochemical parameters in serum of Guinea pigs at different times.21311630210.21608/eajbsc.2009.16302ENMuhammad M. A.SalmanZoology Department, Faculty of Science, South Valley Univesity, Qena, EgyptJournal Article20181011<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">The eastern carpet viper <em>Echis<br />coloratus</em>is widely distributed from Africa (eastern Egypt). <span class="apple-style-span">In the present study the effects of crude venom of the </span>viper<br /><em>Echis coloratus</em>is <span class="apple-style-span">on serum biochemical<br />parameters of guinea pigs.</span> </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG;">Adult<br />male guinea</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG;">pigs<br />(550 ± 25 g body weigh) were divided into three groups (15 each). In the<br />control group, guinea pigs were interaperitoneally (i.p) injected with 50 µL<br />saline solution. The second group was i.p.injected<br />with </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">0.1</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG;">µ</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">gm/g </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG;">b.w. of crude venom<br />in 50 µL saline solutions. The third group was i.p.injected<br />with </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">0.2 </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG;">µ</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">gm/g. </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG;">b.w. of the crude<br />venom in 50 µL saline solution. The results indicated that the injection of<br />crude venom of</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> the viper <em><span style="color: black;">Echis<br />coloratus</span></em><span style="color: black;">is</span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG;"> induced a significant decrease in total serum protein,<br />albumin, globulin and uric acid </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">within<br />1, 2 and 4 hrs.<span style="color: black;"> after injection. In contrast, t</span>he<br />levels of glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, urea and creatinine were increased<br />significantly in envenomated Guinea pigs. Viper <em><span style="color: black;">Echis<br />coloratus</span></em><span style="color: black;">is</span> crude venom caused<br />hepatic and renal dysfunction in envenomated Guinea pigs. </span>Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology2090-07671120091201Effect of a single dose of a bradykinin potentiating factor isolated from scorpion venom (Buthus occitanus) on total protein and albumin in serum of irradiated growing male Guinea pigs.33431630310.21608/eajbsc.2009.16303ENMuhammad M. A.SalmanZoology Department, Faculty of Science, South Valley Univesity, Qena, EgyptJournal Article20181011Whole body gamma irradiation of growing male Guinea pigs at the dose of 150 rads/animal reduced the levels of total protein and albumin. Growing Guinea pigs males (250 ± 30 gm. b. w.) were divided into two main groups; non-irradiated and irradiated groups and every main group were divided into four sub-groups. Irradiated growing Guinea pigs males groups were exposed to 150 Rads/animal by cesium-137 irradiation unit with a dose route of 1.06483 rad per second in a uniform manner and divided into four sub-groups. In irradiated groups; the first sub-groups were interaperitoneally (i.p) injected with100 µL saline solution. The second sub-groups were i.p. injection of bone marrow cells from their twins (2.5x10<sup>6 </sup>cells/animall). The third sub-groups injected i. p with BPF (1µgm/gm. b. w.) which was dissolved in saline solution.
The fourth sub-group injected with i.p solution of BPF (1µg/gm. b. w.) together with bone marrow cells from their twins (2.5x10<sup>6 </sup>cells/animal). The non-irradiated sub-groups were injected with the same manner of irradiated sub-groups. The level of total protein and albumin in serum were measured at periods of 1, 3, 7, 14 and 21 days. Irradiated animals i.p. injection of BPF (single dose); appears slight to improve the changes which occurred in both total protein and albumin compared to irradiated sub-group. However, irradiated Guinea pigs injected with single dose of BPF together with bone marrow cells were more improvement of these parameters than sub-groups injected with only single dose of BPF. The improvement of these parameters may be attributed to stimulate growth factors and/or growth hormones to increase protein synthesis as an effect on the liver that necessitates future investigations. Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology2090-07671120091201Impact of the wild plant, Fagonia bruguieri, extracts on the transaminase activities in some tissues of Schistocerca gregaria (orthoptera: acrididae).45551630410.21608/eajbsc.2009.16304ENTanani M.A.Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University Madenit Nasr, CairoGhoneim K.S.Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University Madenit Nasr, CairoBasiouny A.L.Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University Madenit Nasr, CairoJournal Article20181011Three organic solvents were used for extracting the wild plant <em>F.</em> <em>bruguieri</em>: methanol, petroleum ether and n-butanol. One of two concentration levels of each extract (7.5 and 3.7%; 30.0 and 15.0%; 30.0 and 15.0%, respectively) was given to the newly moulted penultimate instar nymphs of the desert locust <em>S. gregaria</em> through the fresh food plant. The influenced transaminase activities were investigated in the haemolymph and fat body of the last instar nymphs and newly emerged adults.
The affected GOT activity in haemolymph of the last instar nymphs depended on the age because <em>F. bruguieri</em> extracts exhibited considerable reducing effects on it in both the early- and mid-aged nymphs but promoted enzyme activity was estimated in the late-aged nymphs, irrespective of the solvent or the concentration level. On the other hand, the strongest enhancing effect of <em>F. bruguieri</em> on the enzyme activity in haemolymph of the newly emerged adults (173.3±35.5 vs. 85.0±17.3 U/ml of controls) was exhibited after treatment with the higher concentration level of n-butanolic extract. Also, a remarkable inducing action of <em>F. bruguieri</em> extracts on the GOT activity was observed in the fat body of both late-aged nymphs and newly emerged adults, regardless to the solvent or concentration level. Nymphal treatments with <em>F. bruguieri</em> extracts resulted in an inhibited activity of the enzyme, generally, in the fat body of early- and mid-aged nymphs.
The methanolic extract from <em>F. bruguieri</em> induced the GPT activity in haemolymph along the nymphal life while the petroleum ether and n-butanolic extracts induced such enzyme activity only at the mid- and late-ages of nymphs. With regard to the newly emerged adults, <em>F. bruguieri</em>, unexceptionally prohibited the enzyme activity in haemolymph, irrespective of the solvent and concentration level. A promoting effect of <em>F. bruguieri</em> extracts on the GPT activity was exhibited in the fat body of late-aged nymphs and newly emerged adults, regardless to the solvent or concentration level. Otherwise, the <em>F. bruguieri</em> extracts exhibited an inhibitory effect on the enzyme activity in the early- and mid-aged nymphs, after treatment with petroleum ether or n-butanol for. Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology2090-07671120091201Universal Primer for Early and Rapid Detection of Nucleopolyhedroviruses of Multiple Species Using Polymerase Chain Reaction57641630510.21608/eajbsc.2009.16305ENFatma H.GalalDept of Entomology, Fac of Science, Cairo Univ, Giza, Egypt, 12211.Journal Article20181011A technique using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was developed for detection of the nucleopolyhedrovirus (NPV) polyhedrin gene. 152 nucleotide sequences of polyhedrin gene were compared in pairwise and multiple alignment sequences. Eleven highly conserved DNA sequences within the coding region of the polyhedrin gene were identified. Two candidate regions were targeted for amplification and consequently one pair of degenerate PCR primers was designed to produce fragments of about 355 bp. The NPVs tested by this technique were <em>Autographa californica </em>(<em>Ac</em>MNPV), <em>Bombyx mori </em>NPV (<em>Bm</em>NPV), <em>Hyphantria cunea </em>NPV (<em>Hc</em>NPV), <em>Lymantria dispar </em>NPV (<em>Ld</em>NPV), <em>Spodoptera exigua </em>NPV (<em>Se</em>NPV), <em>S. litura </em>NPV (<em>Sl</em>NPV), <em>Spodoptera littoralis </em>NPV (<em>Spli</em>NPV) and nine local NPV isolates. Furthermore, three randomly chosen PCR products were cloned and sequenced. The sequencing data showed that the three PCR products were fragments of polyhedrin gene. Conclusively, this technique would be useful in monitoring the environmental fate, distribution of NPVs, release of the wild type and recombinant NPVs and quality control studies of baculoviral insecticides as well.Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology2090-07671120091201Development of resistance in field strain of Aphis craccivora to the dinotefuran insecticides from the new class neonicotinoids and its effect on some enzymes content.65691630610.21608/eajbsc.2009.16306ENEl-Sayed S.MokbelCentral Agricultural Pesticides Laboratory, Agricultural Research Center, EgyptAzza I.MohamedCentral Agricultural Pesticides Laboratory, Agricultural Research Center, EgyptJournal Article20181011 Resistance of cowpea aphid colony to the newest insecticide, dinotefuran was tested by selection pressure for 20 generations. Resistance ratio reached 148.8 fold in relation to susceptible strain. The LC<sub>50</sub> value of the parent (first generation) was 5.39 ppm with slope value 1.06 ±0.53 which mean that this strain was not homogenous to this insecticide. The value of LC<sub>50</sub> increased slowly with selection pressure, reached 22.24 ppm for the 10<sup>th</sup> generation. Up to 15<sup>th</sup> generation with the same selection pressure LC<sub>50</sub> value increased to reach to 66.19 ppm and reached to 230.71 ppm in case of 20<sup>th</sup> generation. Resistance ratio values in relation to susceptible strain, increased until the 10<sup>th</sup> generation to 14.34 fold, and fastly increasing to 42.7 fold and 148.8 fold to 15<sup>th</sup> and 20<sup>th</sup> generation respectively.
Selection pressure produced some differences in total protein content and SDS- protein patterns. The analysis of esterase patterns obtained by the native- PAGE and by using α naphthyl acetate as a substrate which revealed a minor was measured.