Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology2090-07677220151201Immunoassay of anti-HCV and seroepidemiological surveillance of hepatitis C virus infection191368510.21608/eajbsc.2015.13685ENSarah Y.AhmedBacteriology, Mycology and Immunology Dept., Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, P.O. Box 44511, Zagazig, Egypt.Sabry A.A.El-SayedDepartment of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, P.O. Box 44511, Zagazig, Egypt.WajedAl ShammariDepartment of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Science, University of Hail, Hail 2440 Saudi Arabia.Journal Article20180915Infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a common global cause of chronic liver disease, which is also true in Saudi Arabia. HCV prevalence in Saudi Arabia varies in different provinces being highest in the Western and Southern provinces. Most of the studies among blood donors documented a decrease in HCV prevalence, probably due to increase awareness and improved socioeconomic status. The present study was designed to investigate the prevalence of hepatitis C infection among general population of Hail region, Saudi Arabia and to determine titer of anti-HCV in patient serum. A total of 100 participants in he study survey with average age of 18-63 years, were preformatted a questionnaire including the demographic data, socio-economic status and medical history. Three mL of venous blood were collected from 37 participants, in a container with strict aseptic precautions. Collected serum samples were used for serological evaluation of anti-HCV infection, by using ELISA. Among the participants in the study survey ,HCV positivity percentage was found to be (1%) (One /100) in our study. Thirty seven serum samples were examined for anti-HCV, thirty of them were positive with titer ranged from (10.512 to 1859.395 IU/ml), while seven samples were negative, In conclusion, the obtained data revealed, low prevalence of HCV in Hail region, Saudi Arabia.Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology2090-07677220151201Immunohistochemical IHC Study Expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) and Endostatin in Breast Cancer Groups in Slahaldeen Women Patients11171368610.21608/eajbsc.2015.13686ENAsmaa A.AlwanBiology Department, College of Science, Tikreet UniversitySamira A.AbdullahAnatomy Department, College of Medicine, Tikreet UniversityFarooq I.MohammadBiotechnology Research Center, Al- Nahrain University.Journal Article20180915Twenty Iraqi breast cancer cases were included in this study to detect the protein expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and endostatin (ES) in the women patients from Saladin governorate breast tissues, among breast cancer cases. Hematoxylin and Eosin (H and E) stained then immunohistochemically (IHC) designed for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and Endostatin. Regarding to histological grading, the results showed that among 20 patients 17 cases were grade II and 3 cases were grade III, while staging system 8 cases were stages (II); 12 cases were stage III. Immunohistochemical IHC study expression of Vascular endothelial growth factor VEGF in breast cancer groups shows positive expression found in 14 (70%) out of 20 cases of the Saladin breast can cercases with <em>P</em> value <0.001, Endostatin expression was observed in 15 (75%) out of 20 samples of the Saladin breast cancer patients with <em>P</em> value <0.05. Correlation between the two studied markers VEGF and ES was studied statistically and the study revealed that there was a strong significant relationship between the VEGF expression and expression of ES (<em>P </em>value <0.01), and also there was significant relationship between expression of VEGF and ES with grading (<em>P </em>value >0.001) and staging system of breast cancer patients (<em>P </em>value >0.05).Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology2090-07677220151201Anti-Cancer Activity of the Rubus idaeus Extracts Against HepG2 and L20B Cell Lines Using Tissue Culture Technique19231368710.21608/eajbsc.2015.13687ENNahla K.AssadCollege of Dentisty, Tikreet UniversityBatool I.DheebaBiology Department, College of Education, Iraqia UniversityFarooq I.MohammadBiotechnology Research Center, Al- Nahrain UniversityAbdullah I.HamadCollege of Dentisty, Tikreet UniversityJournal Article20180915The extracts were prepared from ripe blackberries. The extracts were tested against the human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line, HepG2, and the mouse cell line L<sub>20</sub>B using a neutral red assay. The extracts showed a clear inhibition rate, in a dose dependent manner in both cell lines. In addition, the inhibition rate was significantly higher (P < 0.05) for alcoholic extracts in both cell lines compared to aqueous extracts. The results clearly show that <em>Rubus idaeus</em> fruit extracts have potent cytotoxic and cytostatic effects on both cell lines. On the basis of these results, we can conclude that <em>Rubus idaeus</em> has a strong cytotoxic effect on both human and mouse cancerous cells.Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology2090-07677220151201Growth and Physiological Responses of Wheat Seedlings to Cadmium Alone and in Combination with SiO2 Nanoparticles25391368810.21608/eajbsc.2015.13688ENJavadKarimiDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71454, Islamic Republic of IranSasanMohsenzadehDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71454, Islamic Republic of IranJournal Article20180915Heavy metals are the major environmental pollutants, mainly in areas with high anthropogenic activities. In this study, the effects of three cadmium (Cd) concentrations (30, 60, and 120 mg<sup>-1</sup>l) alone and in combination with two concentrations of SiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles (10 and 100 mg<sup>-1</sup>l) on growth and some physiological parameters of wheat (<em>Triticum aestivum</em>) seedlings were investigated. Cadmium treatments decreased the fresh and dry weight of roots, shoots, chlorophyll, carotenoid and total protein contents of the leaf tissues significantly. It also increased the amount of proline, lipid peroxidation and catalase activity of wheat seedling. The toxic effects of cadmium ions on growth and physiological activities of wheat seedlings were reduced in the presence of SiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles.Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology2090-07677220151201Phytosynthesis of Gold Nanoparticles Using Leaf Extract of Sedum pachyphyllum41461368910.21608/eajbsc.2015.13689ENJavadKarimiDepartment of Biology, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71454, IranSasanMohsenzadehDepartment of Biology, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71454, IranJournal Article20180915The developments of rapid, simple, cost-effective and eco-friendly procedures for the synthesis of nanoparticles are very important in the field of nanotechnology. The present study deals with the green synthesis of gold nanoparticles using leaf extract of<em> Sedum pachyphyllum</em> as the reducing agent. The synthesis is carried out at room temperature in the laboratory ambient. Merely, few minutes were necessary for the synthesis of gold nanoparticles. Exposed to leaf extract, the aqueous gold ions were reduced and resulted in gold nanoparticles. The formation of gold nanoparticles was confirmed in the presence of an absorption peak at 556 nm using UV–visible spectrophotometer. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) analysis showed gold nanoparticles, which are about 80 mm. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) revealed possible involvement of reductive groups on the surfaces of gold nanoparticles. Stable gold nanoparticles were formed by treating an aqueous solution of HAuCl<sub>4</sub> with the plant leaf extracts as reducing agent of Au<sup>3+</sup> to an Au<sup>0</sup>. This method provides a safe and green synthesis comparable to more chemical methods and can be used in areas such as medical, foods and cosmetics.Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology2090-07677220151201Molecular Identification of Aspergillus flavus Using RAPD Markers47541369010.21608/eajbsc.2015.13690ENSanaa HuseeinMohamadDepartment of Biology, College of Science, Kirkuk University, Kirkuk, IraqJournal Article20180915The aim of this study is to isolate and identify <em>A. flavus</em> and study the genetic diversity among these isolates by using RAPD. Eleven collected samples were characterized depending on its morphological state, then DNA was extracted from them. RAPD markers are randomly banding with sites of genome more than, markers, where the primer UBC 809achieved discriminative power (19.1) and 43 bands, while6 achieved discriminative power (17.1) with 32 bands. There were more efficiency in specific binding, then RAPD primers have great binding to produce unique band, when 9 primers from 10 primers, 9 produced (5) unique bands, while RAPD markers showed low ability to produce unique bands, 3primers from 9 primers were produced as unique bands. The dendrogram of RAPD was reverted than isolates number 5 and 7 which had the genetic diversity 0.33361, while the isolates number 5 and 6 had the lowest genetic similarity 0.98521 in contrast with markers which showed isolates number1 and 2 genetic diversity 0.97826 while the isolates number 5 and 7 had the lowest genetic similarity 0.10253.Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology2090-07677220151201Biomonitoring Of Some Heavy Metals In Water Of El Salam Canal using Oreochromis niloticus As Bioindicator55681369110.21608/eajbsc.2015.13691ENAmira M.AlyCentral Laboratory for Environmental Quality Monitoring (CLEQM), National Water Research Center (NWRC), El-kanater, Qalubiya, Egypt.El-Sayed E.El-SayedCentral Laboratory for Environmental Quality Monitoring (CLEQM), National Water Research Center (NWRC), El-kanater, Qalubiya, Egypt.Journal Article20180915This study was initiated to assess the levels of (Fe, Cu, Cd, Pb, Zn, Co, Mn and Ni) in water samples and <em>Oreochromis niloticus </em>tissues (muscles, gills and liver) collected from Fum El-Salam canal, Hadous drain and mixing point of El-Salam canal with Hadous drain throughout Summer 2014. Levels of physicochemical parameters of water samples (TDS, EC and ammonia) were significantly high (P<0.05) in Hadous drain and mixing point of El-Salam canal with Hadous than the permissible levels of the law 48/1982. The results showed that Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu recorded 1.612±0.6-<0.001-0.011±0.001,0.56±0.29- 0.479 ± 0.03- 0.075±0.01, 0.25±0.028 - 0.179±0.01 - 0.046±0.003, 0.045± 0.01 - 0.019±0.01 - 0.009±0.007 mg/l in Hadous drain, Mixing point and Fum El-Salam canal respectively, while the increase in Zn and Mn for Hadous drainage exceeded the permissible values sets by USEPA (1996). The discharging of Bahr Hadous drainage water to El-Salam canal leads to alteration in water quality of El-Salam canal as it increases heavy metals loads which implicate pollution, such deterioration showed in the studied tissues of <em>Oreochromis niloticus</em>. It is recommended to treat the different wastes before discharging to El-Salam canal.Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology2090-07677220151201Association Analysis of Chronic Kidney Disease and Its Risk Factors for Hail Region Population69791369210.21608/eajbsc.2015.13692ENAbdelbaset MohamedElasbaliClinical Laboratory Science Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, Kingdom of Saudi ArabiaJournal Article20180915Hypertension and diabetes mellitus are important risk factors for chronic kidney disease (CKD). The purpose of the present study was to identify genetic variants that confer susceptibility to CKD in individuals with or without hypertension or diabetes mellitus, thereby contributing to the personalized prevention of CKD in such individuals separately. The study population comprised 299 unrelated individuals, including 176 subjects with CKD and 172 controls. The 75 polymorphisms were selected by genome-wide association studies of chronic kidney disease and hypertension with the use of the Gene Chip Human Mapping 500K Array Set (Affymetrix). The genotypes for these polymorphisms were determined by a method that combines polymerase chain reaction and sequence-specific oligonucleotide probes with suspension array technology. The χ<sup>2</sup> test, multivariable logistic regression analysis with adjustment for covariates, as well as a stepwise forward selection procedure revealed that two different polymorphisms were significantly (P<0.005) associated with the prevalence of CKD in individuals with or without hypertension or diabetes mellitus: the A→G (Lys625Arg) polymorphism of <em>CDH4</em> (rs6142884) in individuals without diabetes mellitus, and the C→T polymorphism of <em>PTPRN2</em> (rs1638021) in individuals with hypertension and diabetes mellitus. No polymorphism was significantly associated with CKD in individuals with or without hypertension, in those with diabetes mellitus, or in those without hypertension or diabetes mellitus. Stratification of subjects based on hypertension or diabetes mellitus may thus be fundamental to achieving the personalized prevention of CKD with the use of genetic information.This preliminary study provided information on the frequency of CKD and its associated risk factors in the Hail region. However, larger population needs to be studied to establish the role of these risk factors in the etiology of CKD in Hail region.Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology2090-07677220151201The Consciousness of The Human Precise to Plenty Food among Women and Children from low income group (Slum Region)71871369310.21608/eajbsc.2015.13693ENEyad M.Al-ShammariDepartment of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Ha’il, Ha’il, Kingdom of Saudi ArabiaMohdSaeedDepartment of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226026, IndiaSamraSiddiquiDepartment of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226026, IndiaIsrarAhmadDeaprtment of Biochemistry KGMU, Lucknow IndiaJournal Article20180915First-rate nutrition is vital not only for human health but also for national economic and social development. The objective of this review is to assess the realization of the right to adequate food focusing on women and children living in the slums of India. The review categorizes the realization of the right into two classes: the right holders (mothers or caretakers and their children) and duty bearers (peoples/Individuals responsible for providing the necessary facilities as per the rights of the right holders). Conclusions were drawn regarding the following aspects: nutritional status of selected right holders, availability and accessibility of foods, existence of nutritional related health and sanitation facilities and whether appropriate legal, regulatory and institutional frameworks necessary to realize right to food are in place.Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology2090-07677220151201Bioinformatic Analysis of the Beauvericin Gene from Beauveria bassiana and Insecticidal Effect on Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd)89991369410.21608/eajbsc.2015.13694ENSahar S.AliPlant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Giza, EgyptYasmin A.El-sayedPlant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Giza, EgyptJournal Article20180915Beauvericin, a cyclohexadepsipeptide-possessing natural product with synergistic antifungal, insecticidal, and cytotoxic activitie. Total DNA was extracted from <em>B. bassiana</em> Egyptian isolate. The integrity of total DNA was estimated by ethidium bromide re, taq DNA polymerase and (Forward and Reverse) primers directly which designed to amplify the beauvericin gene. The nucleotide sequence of the PCR-amplified fragment for the beauvericin gene of <em>B. bassiana</em> EG-isolate was done to determine the relationship with other <em>B. bassiana </em>isolates registered in Gen Bank, and was aligned by using DNAMAN program (Wisconsin, Madison, USA) with another three <em>B. bassiana</em> isolates. The predict numbers of amino acids were produced from translation of beauvericin gene nucleotide sequence were 211 amino acids. A phylogenetic tree of beauvericin from<em> B. bassiana </em>Eg. isolate revealed 100% a high degree of similarity to beauvericin of <em>B. bassiana </em>non ribosomal cyclo depsipeptide synthetase, (Accession no. AC130655), 94.3% and 94.8% to beauvericin of <em>B. bassiana </em>biosynthetic protein (Accession no. ADO 60131) and beauvericin of <em>B. bassiana </em>biosynthetic protein, (Accession no. AFJ44691) respectively. While, the insecticidal effect of toxins crude extraction was studied in this wake . Toxins crude extraction due to isolate of <em>B. bassiana</em> investigated against 3<sup>rd </sup>inster larvae of <em>S. littoralis</em>. After 4 days, the percentage of mortality were 51.00%, 57.50%, 79.00% and 96.50% in the concentrations 25, 50, 75 and 100%, respectively.Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology2090-07677220151201Ameliorative Effect of Oregano Essential Oil on Mycotoxins-Induced Immune Impairments in Growing Japanese Quail1011141369510.21608/eajbsc.2015.13695ENHeba M. A.AbdelrazekPhysiology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, EgyptMohamed S.YusufNutrition and Clinical Nutrition Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.Marwa A.HassanAnimal Hygiene, Zoonoses and Behaviour, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, EgyptMohamed T T. A.SolimanBasic Medical Sciences Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Bisha, Bisha, Kingdom of Saudi ArabiaAdel A. S.El NabtitiAnimal Wealth Development Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.Journal Article20180915Mycotoxins contaminated feed is one of the most serious problems in poultry and animal production sectors. Therefore, the current study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary oregano essential oil (OEO) for 4 weeks against the adverse effect of aflatoxins (AFs) on immunity, oxidative stress, Total and differential leucocytes counts (TLC and DLC), interleukin 1 (IL-1), nitric oxide (NO), lysozyme enzyme activity, serum malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and reduced glutathione (GSH). Beside growth performance [Weekly body weight gain and feed conversion ratio (FCR)] were also determined. A total of 132 male, 2 weeks old Japanese quails chicks (<em>Coturnix japonica</em>) were used in this study and equally divided into 4 groups. Group I is considered as negative control at which birds fed only basal diet, group II served as positive control and were fed AFs 2.5 mg /Kg supplemented basal diet, Groups III and IV were fed basal diet with 2.5 mg AFs /Kg and treated with OEO at a rate of 200 and 400 mg/Kg , respectively. Regarding growth performance, there was a significant (P<0.05) reduction in weight gain and FCR at 4<sup>th</sup> week of the experiment in group II, additionally different pattern was noticed in group IV which represented a significant (P<0.05) improvement as compared to the other AFs treated groups and was nearly similar to that of group I. Concerning Lipid peroxidation, oxidative stress enzyme and immune parameters at 4<sup>th</sup> week of the experiment, MDA was significantly (P<0.05) increased in AFs treated quails (II and III) but when AFs co-administered with 400 mg OEO, MDA was nearly similar to that of group I. The SOD, catalase, and GSH were decreased significantly (P<0.05) in groups (II and III) and was remarkably improved in group IV. The NO level was increased significantly (P<0.05) while lysozyme activity was decreased significantly (P<0.05) in group II, while they were decreased and increased in group IV, respectively. IL-1 and globulin as well as TLC were declined significantly (P<0.05) in groups II and III and improved nearly similar to control one in group IV. In conclusion, OEO has a potential and a protective effect against AFs B<sub>1 </sub>immuno-deteriorating effect in Japanese quails especially at 400 mg/ kg dose.Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology2090-07677220151201Biochemical Effects of Bradykinin Potentiating Factor (BPF) Isolated from Scorpion Venom ( Leiurus quinquestriatus) against CCl4- Liver Injury in Male Albino Rats.1151261369610.21608/eajbsc.2015.13696ENMuhammad M. A.SalmanDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena, EgyptJournal Article20180915The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the ability of bradykinin potentiating factor (BPF) isolated from scorpion venom (<em>Leiurus quinquestriatus</em>) in treatment of liver injuries which induced by injection of CCl<sub>4</sub>in male Albino rats. Male Albino rats (250±20 g. body weight) were divided into four groups. In the control group; Albino rats were interaperitoneally (i.p) injected with 100 µL saline solution. The second group (i.p) injected with BPF in 100 µL saline solutions (1μgm/g. b. w. per 5 days). Third and fourth groups were i.p. injected with 0.5 ml/kg body weight (b. w.) twice weekly of CCl<sub>4</sub> for fifteen days, after that only the fourth group was treated by BPF in 100 µL saline solutions (1μgm/g. b. w. per 5 days). The results indicated that, CCl<sub>4</sub> injection induced a significant decrease in serum catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione (GSH), total protein and albumin, within thirty days post-injection of CCl<sub>4</sub> as compared to the normal control group. In contrast, CCl<sub>4 </sub>induced a significant increase in malondialdehyde(MDA), aspartate amino transferase (AST), alanine amino transferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) compared to normal control animals. The efficiency of BPF treatment is alleviation the effects of CCl<sub>4</sub> on these parameters. The improvement of these parameters may be attributed to the release antioxidant and cytokines and/or amelioration of the toxic effects of CCl<sub>4</sub> on the liver.Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology2090-07677220151201RAPD-Based Genetic Variances Between Female and Male Adult House Fly Musca domestica L.1758 (Diptera, Muscidae) From Qena, Egypt1271341369710.21608/eajbsc.2015.13697ENMohammed Bassyouni M.EL-MahdiLaboratory of Molecular Genetics and Molecular Biology, Zoology Department
Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena, EgyptJournal Article20180915The genomic DNA from female and male adults house fly<em> Musca domestica </em>L<em>. </em>was subjected to theRAPD analysis using a set of random primers. A ten (10) selected primers produced a distinctive RAPD fingerprint of various bands ranging in size from 350 to 1700 bp. A total of 57 RAPD bands/loci were produced with an average of 5.7 bands per primer, from them 18 bands with a level of monomorphism of 31.58% were common between female and male, and 39 were polymorphic corresponding to a level of polymorphism of 68.42 %. Both female and male genotypes displayed high band frequencies, however male showed to be slightly higher than female ones. Result of this study suggested occurrence of gender-based internal genetic variations and heterozygosity of common house fly adults <em>Musca domestica</em> L. that is slightly higher in males than females. This would be necessitated for the species survival, successful environmental adaptations and resistance to chemical applications.