Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology2090-07674120121201Studies of cytochrome b protein modelling sequence in the Salmo trutta fario and comparing with other salmonids181611910.21608/eajbsc.2012.16119ENAbolhasanRezaeiDepartment of Genetics-School of basic science, Islamic Azad University Tonekabon Branch,IranSheydaAkhshabiYoung Researchers Club, Tonekabon Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon, IranJournal Article20181008The present study represents a preliminary analysis of the cytochrome b protein sequences in the <em>salmo trutta fario</em>, <em>salmo trutta caspius</em>, <em>salmo trutta trutta </em>and <em>salmo salar</em> has been determined. The cytochrome b gene consisting 1141base pairs that encoding 380 amino acids and has been five origins ORF sites from nucleotides number of 125 to 718 which placed number of 72, 40, 37, 67, 32, respectively from first to end of gene. The amino acids sequences were compared with those of other salmonids such as <em>salmo salar, salmo trutta</em> and <em>salmo trutta caspius</em>, in this regards, the sequences aligned by DNAMAN program computer, results are shown regards <em>salmo salar, salmo trutta trutta</em> has 380 amino acids and same homology almost 99% but regards <em>salmo truttta caspius</em>, has 78% homology. There were more variation from 20 first amino acids than other parts of segments, however there is not full length of cytochrome b gene in s<em>amlo</em> <em>trutta caspius</em>. The sequence features of the 3RD structure protein accessed and compared between species of <em>salmonids</em>, The results are shown there are same homology between structures of protein. https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_16119_1ab1d92931d41823683e143cd0cde000.pdfEgyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology2090-07674120121201Studies of based sexual selection and male reproductive performance on the offspring fitness in Drosophila melanogaster9181612010.21608/eajbsc.2012.16120ENAbolhasanRezaeiDepartment of Genetics-School of basic science, Islamic Azad University Tonekabon Branch,IranSheydaAkhshabiYoung Researchers Club, Tonekabon Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon, IranJournal Article20181008The fruit fly <em>Drosophila melanogaster</em> has short time life span, these flies, are particular advantage for ageing work, including , life history which divided up into distinct, morphological stages so that the period growth and development can be readily distinguished from the sexual mature ageing adult phase. Sexual selection aging means differential reproduction owing variation in the ability to obtain mates and fertilized oocytes. A few experimental studies have shown that the optimum strategy for males is often to mate with as many females as possible, whereas the optimum strategy for females is likely to select the most attractive male. As a result the mating males to females, the repetitive of mating is very important on the rate of fertility of females, if males has been twice mating by females usually the fertility will be decreased, here the function some secretion from ejaculate of males is very important. Recently the performance of male accessory gland proteins (Acps) were found in <em>Drosophila melanogaster</em>. Acps have been observed cause of increasing female oviposition rates, also increasing the rate of fertility, hatchability, son mating ability, mediate sperm storage, cause part of the survival cost mating male to females, may protect reproductive tracts or gametes from microbial attack, and also hundreds function known and unknown on the reproductive performance in males and females. However, until to date were found almost 25 to 150 proteins in male accessory glands, but also still were not distinguished function of all those proteins. Supporting these hypotheses, here we study the function of ageing on the rate of male sexual secretion and reproductive performance in offspring fitness. The objective of the current study is two-fold: the first aim is to evaluate mechanisms of sexual selection on the age affective in parental traits and second aim, is to evaluate mechanisms of sexual selection on the offspring fitness traits for their potential explained by random mating in the species <em>Drosophila melanogaster.</em>https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_16120_73ea3c09c08408486a7b8be68fe09939.pdfEgyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology2090-07674120121201Degenerate Primed Polymerase Chain Reaction for Detection of Both Nucleopolyhedrovirus and Granulovirus19231612110.21608/eajbsc.2012.16121ENAlaaEddeen M.SeufiDept of Entomology, Fac of Science, Cairo Univ, Giza, Egypt, 12613.Journal Article20181008<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">A technique using the polymerase chain reaction<br />(PCR) was developed for simultaneous detection of the nucleopolyhedrovirus<br />(NPV) and granulovirus (GV). Ninety one and 73 amino acid sequences of polyhedrin<br />and granulin genes were compared in pairwise and multiple alignment sequences. Seven<br />highly conserved DNA sequences within the coding region of the polyhedrin/granulin<br />genes were identified. Four candidate regions were targeted for amplification<br />and consequently one pair of degenerate PCR primers was designed to produce<br />fragments of about 384 bp. The baculoviruses tested by this technique were <em>Autographa<br />californica </em>(<em>Ac</em>MNPV), <em>Bombyx mori </em>NPV (<em>Bm</em>NPV), <em>Lymantria<br />dispar </em>NPV (<em>Ld</em>NPV), <em>Spodoptera littoralis </em>NPV (<em>Spli</em>NPV),<br /><em>S. littoralis</em> GV (<em>Spli</em>GV), <em>Pieris rapae</em> GV (<em>Pr</em>GV),<br />and two local GV isolates (GV<sub>G213</sub> and GV<sub>F115</sub>).<br />Furthermore, four randomly chosen PCR products were cloned and sequenced. The<br />sequencing data showed that the four PCR products were fragments of polyhedrin and<br />granulin genes. Conclusively, this technique would be useful in monitoring the environmental<br />fate, distribution of <em>Baculovirus</em> species, release of the wild type and<br />recombinant <em>Baculovirus </em>and quality control studies of <em>Baculovirus</em><br />insecticides, as well</span>https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_16121_be072d0b5031cfc8cc7a80436855a917.pdfEgyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology2090-07674120121201Levels of five biochemical parameters in asthmatic patient’s blood as markers for bronchial asthma induced by the house-dust mite allergy25301612210.21608/eajbsc.2012.16122ENYousry Z. A.El-ZoheryDepartment of Hematology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar UniversityMohamed A.KenawyDepartment of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, CairoAshraf A.AwadDepartment of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, CairoNadiaHelmiDepartment of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, CairoAkila M.El-ShafeiDepartment of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, CairoYousrya M.Abdel-HamidResearch Institute of Medical Entomology, The General Organization for Institutes and Teaching Hospitals, Ministry of Health, Dokki, Giza, A.R. Egypt.Journal Article20181008The study examines the validity of five biochemical parameters as indicators for the activity and intensity of asthma induced by the house-dust mite allergy. Blood samples of forty children (28 males and 12 females of 0.5 - 15 years old) suffering from moderate (31) and severe (9) attack of asthma and of 10 non asthmatic children (6 males and 4 females of similar age range) were examined. Levels of histamine, total serum IgE, SIgE, ECP and AEC were significantly higher in the asthmatic- than in the normal cases. Furthermore, severe asthmatic cases had significantly higher levels as compared to the moderate ones, i.e., mean values for [Moderate < Severe] > Check cases. As a conclusion, the elevated levels of such biochemical parameters are associated with HDM asthmatics and are correlated with the severity of asthma attacks. Thus these five parameters may be considered as good markers for HDM asthma activity and severity.https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_16122_fee01d758779e7421f7c19fa5097d88a.pdfEgyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology2090-07674120121201Transgenic Drosophila melanogaster Carrying RNAi Against gce Gene Proved the Involvement of gce in Juvenile Hormone Action31421612310.21608/eajbsc.2012.16123ENReda F. A.BakrDepartment of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Abbassia- Cairo, EgyptJehane A.HafezDepartment of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Abbassia- Cairo, EgyptThorya F. K.AlnagarDepartment of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Abbassia- Cairo, EgyptDalia A. M.SalemDepartment of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Abbassia- Cairo, EgyptOla H. Zyaan1ZyaanDepartment of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Abbassia- Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20181008<span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">Juvenile<br />hormone (JH) is important for multiple aspects of insect development and<br />physiology. Although roles of JH have received considerable studies, JH<br />signaling pathway at the molecular level is still not well understood. <em>Methoprene-tolerant</em><br />(<em>Met</em>) in <em>Drosophila melanogaster</em> fulfills many of the<br />requirements as a hormone receptor gene. A paralogous gene, <em>germ-cell<br />expressed</em> (<em>gce</em>), possesses homology to <em>Met</em> and is a candidate<br />as a <em>Met</em> partner in mediating JH action. To probe roles of this gene in<br />JH action, we carried out in vivo <em>gce </em>underexpression studies using RNAi<br />technique. Precocious expression of <em>broad</em> (<em>br</em>) gene was found to<br />occur when <em>gce </em>was knocked down in the young larvae. We also demonstrated<br />that RNA interference-driven knockdown of <em>gce</em> expression in transgenic<br />flies results in appearance of resistance to pyriproxyfen (IGRs). These results<br />show that <em>gce</em> is a vital gene and appears to promote JH action in larval<br />stages. </span>https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_16123_2fdd8f072778437847a892ff548b9cc0.pdfEgyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology2090-07674120121201Variation in growth hormone (GH) of gene in exon sequence in three salmon types43531612410.21608/eajbsc.2012.16124ENAbolhasanRezaeiDepartment of Genetics-School of basic science, Islamic Azad University Tonekabon Branch,IranJournal Article20181008We aimed to identify polymorphisms in the coding regions of the <em>Salmo trutta caspius</em> (<em>s. t. caspius</em>) growth hormone gene for comparison of the rate homology between sequences cited regards <em>salmonids</em>, because the variation between sequences of exons is very important at finally can change in the rate of expression of gene growth hormone, however this gene identified by marker genetics in <em>salmonids</em>, and in those of <em>Salmo salar</em> (<em>s. salar)</em> and <em>salmo trutta (s. trutta</em>). This single copy nuclear gene contains six exons, that the length of the exon fragments almost 1900 base pairs between nucleotide 35 and 1907. In <em>s. t. caspius</em>. Selective PCR reaction, and sequenced the products, that including fragments of from first to end of the GH gene. We also describe a novel polymorphism of the six exons fragment, these fragments indicated for studies regards evolution of fish GHgenes, phylogeny of fishes, and genetic selection. The segments of GH exon were analyzed by DNAMAN program genetics. The results are shown, there were almost 90%, homology between the first three exons of <em>S. t. caspius</em> and <em>S. salar</em> accession number (AY614002.1) Regards other <em>Salmons</em>; <em>S. salar</em> (Accession number, M21573.1) and <em>Rainbow trout</em> there weren’t any homology, exon fragments second, third, fourth, fifth and sixth, the homology were high (almost 90-95 %), however between fragments of <em>salmons,</em> the rate of homology were high but the length of fragments between<em> salmons</em> were different. The length of fragments in <em>s. salar</em> more than other <em>salmons</em> including <em>R. trout</em> and <em>S. t. caspius</em>.https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_16124_c88ed09b4b22f24c44f6e1e31e774acf.pdfEgyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology2090-07674120121201Comparison of phylogenetic analysis in the natural salmonids by using growth hormone (GH) gene55621612510.21608/eajbsc.2012.16125ENAbolhasanRezaeiDepartment of Genetics-School of basic science, Islamic Azad University Tonekabon Branch,IranJournal Article20181008To days,The Growth hormone (GH) gene is more important in the regulator of metabolism, osmoregulation, reproduction and skeletal growth in Livestock. GH almost in all of animals has been same function that mentioned. This hormone also is exciting skeletal cellular for more growth and replication. In <em>Salmonids</em> for specially, furthermore, GH gene in population of <em>salmonids</em> can be used as the studies of phylogenetics and finding ancientand pedigree of <em>salmonids</em> that some researchers used from GH gene in <em>salmo salar</em> and <em>salmo trutta</em> for studies of phylogenetics. In this study we had done sequence of fragments of GH gene in <em>salmo trutta caspius</em> full length of almost 2048 bp. and deposited in GeneBank (accession number, JN24163) For sequencing of GH gene in the <em>Salmo trutta caspius</em>, first was extracted DNA genomics from bloods and the muscles of <em>salmons</em>, in related to, we designed three pairs of primers from first to end of the GH gene in same sequences from <em>salmo salar</em> and <em>salmo trutta</em> that reported in GeneBank. After sequencing of fragments we analyzed fragments and compared with other sequences in <em>salmonid</em> fishes. In this research our aims, study of amount variation in the between <em>salmo trutta caspius </em>species with <em>Atlantic salmon </em>and also, study amount of phylogenetic variation between <em>Salmo trutta caspius </em>with other <em>salmons </em>regarding to the GH gene.https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_16125_f014cc1fb100b9407d0f9a8736525e23.pdfEgyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology2090-07674120121201Synergestic Effect of Milk Thistle and Grape Seed Extracts on the Recovery of Fumonisin b1 Toxicity in Rats.63851612610.21608/eajbsc.2012.16126ENEl-ShafeeyM .Medical Biotechnology Dept., GEBRI institute, City of Scientific Research and Technology Applications, New Borg El-Arab City, Alexandria, EgyptEl-AdawiH.Medical Biotechnology Dept., GEBRI institute, City of Scientific Research and Technology Applications, New Borg El-Arab City, Alexandria, EgyptAl-AzhariD.Zoology Dept., Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia, EgyptAbd El-WahabA .Medical Biotechnology Dept., GEBRI institute, City of Scientific Research and Technology Applications, New Borg El-Arab City, Alexandria, EgyptAbdel-MohsenM.Applied Medical Chemistry Dept., Medical Research Institute, Alexandria, EgyptJournal Article20181008Fumonisin B1 (FB1) is a mold metabolite produced by Fusarium species that is frequently found in corn worldwide. It is toxic to both liver and kidney. Hepatotoxicity was induced in rats by feeding them FB1 contaminated corn. Evidence of hepatotoxicity was observed after 60 days by an increase in the plasma activity of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), where that elevation reached 78 % (p = 0.000), in comparison with the control group. Treatment with milk thistle (S), or grape seeds (G) extracts or both (S+G) was found to return the ALT level back to normal. FB1, drastically depleted glutathione peroxidase (GpX) to 48%, while treatment with S,G, and S+G could elevate the GpX by 76%, 76% and 35% respectively. Lipid peroxidation represented by malondialdehyde was elevated significantly to 137%. On the other hand, the treated groups (S, G, and S+G) have altered the levels down to 47%, 42%, and 29% respectively. In addition to the hepatotoxicity of FB1, the kidney function was investigated too, where the creatinine level was elevated to 65%. The treatment by S, G and S+G lowered the level down to 16%, 15%and 2%. Serum activity of urea was significantly elevated to 30%, the treated group G could significantly reduce it to 23% while the treated groups S and S+G could not reduce that elevation in urea level. Histological examination of liver sections confirmed the serum analysis, where significant improvements were observed in all treated groups in comparison with the liver sections of rats fed on FB1. These improvements might be due to their ability to lower serum total cholesterol and low- density lipoprotein cholesterol levels as well as slowing the lipid peroxidation process by enhancing antioxidant enzyme activity.https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_16126_4e153e1780dc6a6c5e215f62ec19cdda.pdfEgyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology2090-07674120121201Gari” Solution on endurance ability: an interventional study among school children in ilorin metropolis, nigeria87951612710.21608/eajbsc.2012.16127ENBakinde, SurajudeenToshoDepartment of Human Kinetics and Health Education University of Ilorin, NigeriaTalabi AdetayoEbunDepartment of Human Kinetics and Health Education University of Ilorin, NigeriaOlaitan Olukunmi‘LanreDepartment of Human Kinetics and Health Education University of Ilorin, NigeriaJournal Article20181008This research study investigated the effect of concentrations of “Gari” solution on endurance ability of school children in Ilorin metropolis, Nigeria. The design of the study was experimental that involves the manipulation of a particular variable. In order to provide solution to the research problem, four hypotheses were drawn. Forty[40] subjects were randomly selected as sample from four male secondary schools in Ilorin metropolis and they are those that are not actively involved in sports, but within the age limit of 12-13 years. Standardized instruments were used for both the experimental and control groups. The results of the experimental groups showed a significant difference on the effect of concentrations of “gari” solution on endurance ability of school children in Ilorin metropolis within 6%, 7%, and 8% respectively. The three groups with treatment improved tremendously on their performance over the result of the post-test and that of the control group. This showed that each percentage of the treatment has improved the performances ability of the school children in endurance activities of 4km run/walk. Based on the finding, it was recommended among others that, coaches, athletes and others involved in endurance activities should cultivate habit of taking “gari” solution to enhance their performances.
https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_16127_47a9cf69fad8d3364005a54862c86197.pdfEgyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology2090-07674120121201Heavy Metals-Induced Expression of ABCB10 Gene in Zebrafish Danio rerio.971061612810.21608/eajbsc.2012.16128ENDalia M.SabriBiotechnology Research Center (BRC), Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, EgyptTarikRabieDepartment of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt.Ashraf I.AhmedDepartment of Marine Science, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, EgyptSaadZakariaDepartment of Marine Science, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, EgyptJean-PaulBourdineaudBordeaux University, CNRS, UMR EPOC 5805, Arcachon Marine Station, Arcachon 33120, France.Journal Article20181008ABCB10 is a mitochondrial ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter. It is involved in multi-drug resistance and it has a potential role in the regulation of oxidative stress induced by toxic substances, such as heavy metals. Little is known about the role of ABCB10 gene in metal detoxification in fishes generally and Zebrafish particularly. Also the effect of <em>Tubifex</em> worms on the gene expression has not been discussed before, despite the importance of these worms in metals transfer and bioavailability. Therefore, the impact of contaminated sediment with Cu and Cu on ABCB10 gene expression was investigated in this study. In addition, the effect of <em>Tubifex</em> worms on the expression of Zebrafish ABCB10 gene was also studied. Zebrafish was exposed for 7 days to contaminated sediment with 315 mg/kg and 84.8 mg/kg of Cu and Cd, respectively. Relative gene expression was recorded in Zebrafish different organs (brain, gills, muscles and digestive tract), in 4 experimental groups in presence and absence of <em>Tubifex</em> worms.
The highest level of ABCB10 expression was recorded in digestive tract samples in all tested groups followed by muscles then gills, while brain samples recorded the least induction level for ABCB10 expression. <em>Tubifex</em> worms showed an effective influence on Zebrafish ABCB10 expression with higher up-regulation level compared with those recorded for Cu and Cd contamination.https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_16128_74f407d2ffb27be59415ccb0a3f8d074.pdfEgyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology2090-07674120121201Evaluation of plasma leptin levels in Sudanese diabetic patients1071121612910.21608/eajbsc.2012.16129ENAhmed MohammedAhmedTaibah University - College of Applied Medical Sciences-Laboratory Department-KSA- Almadinah Almunawara.Journal Article20181008<strong>Background </strong>
Leptin is an adipose tissue-derived hormone shown to be involved in pathophysiological mechanisms related to diabetes. Few studies examined the association between plasma leptin and diabetes mellitus in humans. Therefore, we examined the association between plasma leptin levels and diabetes in a Sudanese diabetic patient’s compared with a healthy subjects regarded by different parameters.
<strong>Methods:</strong>
We examined the 1272 participants 20 -70 years of age, 872 diabetic patients and 400 control healthy subjects, in different hospitals in (Khartoum-Sudan) during the period 1/4/2012 to 1/9/2012. Plasma leptin levels, total cholesterol were determined categorized by BMI, sex and smoking habits in all study subjects.
<strong>Results: </strong>
There were significant associations between plasma leptin levels and diabetes mellitus after adjusting for BMI, smoking and serum cholesterol level (P value < 0.01). But there were insignificant association between plasma leptin levels and diabetes mellitus after adjusting of both men and women.
<strong>Conclusion: </strong>
Plasma leptin levels are independently associated with diabetes mellitus after adjustment for BMI, total cholesterol and smoking.https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_16129_57171ab92a93cd4b8f48f5ccb8c902da.pdfEgyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology2090-07674120121201Biological, biochemical and histological effects of spinosad, Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki and cypermethrin on the Cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.).1131241613010.21608/eajbsc.2012.16130ENEl- Sheikh T. A.A.Plant Prot. Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Cent., Dokki, Giza, EgyptJournal Article20181008The insecticidal, biological, biochemical and histological effects of bioagent spinosad, Diple 2x (<em>Bacillus</em> <em>thuringiensis</em> var <em>kurstaki) </em>and one pyrethroid compound (cypermethrin) were evaluated on 4<sup>th </sup>instar larvae of <em>Spodoptera littoralis</em> (Boisd.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Based on the LC<sub>50</sub> values Cypermethrin is the more toxic to <em>S. littoralis</em> than that of the two other compounds. Female longevity, fecundity and fertility were significantly reduced at all treatments compared to control. Furthermore, different levels of significant changes in the total protein, carbohydrate contents, phosphatasis activity and carbohydrasis, were recorded. Moreover, different abnormal histological structures of ovary were noticed.https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_16130_1cd4b4d3029ea4b9181902ea9639ff0a.pdfEgyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology2090-07674120121201Studies of Cytochrome b nucleotide sequence variation in the Salmo trutta fario1251311613110.21608/eajbsc.2012.16131ENAbolhasanRezaeiDepartment of Genetics-School of basic science, Islamic Azad University Tonekabon Branch,IranJournal Article20181008The cytochrome b gene in the <em>salmo trutta fario</em> has been sequenced and characterized and deposited in GeneBank, Accession Number (JN995186), the gene of cytochrome b approximately 1.2 kb. and consists of one exon from first to end of the gene, as found for all of salmonids including, <em>salmo salar</em>, <em>salmo trutta caspius</em>, <em>salmo trutta fario</em> that reported in GeneBank. There were the first to end of gene repetitive regions C-G that was unique for cytochrome b gene. At this study DNA extracted from muscles of <em>salmo trutta fario,</em> after running PCR on the gel, the PCR products purify and sequenced. The fragments aligned with BLAST Network system, the results are shown there were high homology between solmonids, the rate of homology between <em>salmo salar</em> 93%, <em>salmo trutta caspius</em> almost 95% and <em>salmo fario</em> (was reported in GeneBank) 93%. However, the homology of sequences were very high, but the shape of <em>salmo trutta fario</em> and other salmonids different, <em>salmo trutta fario</em> has red to purple color dots on the skin but regards <em>salmo salar</em> and <em>salmo trutta caspius</em> have grey to black dots colors on the skin.https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_16131_fc812c28a90ea50a06d1aed09f474f36.pdfEgyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology2090-07674120121201The relation between growth hormone (GH) gene and Cytochrome b gene in three salmon types1331401613210.21608/eajbsc.2012.16132ENAbolhasanRezaeiDepartment of Genetics-School of basic science, Islamic Azad University Tonekabon Branch,IranSheydaAkhshabiYoung Researchers Club, Tonekabon Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon, IranHamid RezaJamalzadehDepartment of Fisheries Sciences and Marine Biology- School of Basic Science, Tonekabon Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon, IranJournal Article20181008In the present study, growth hormone (GH) gene and Cytochrome b gene in <em>Salmo trutta caspius</em> and <em>Salmo trutta fario</em> were discussed, the rate of relationships between <em>salmonids</em> were analyzed by GH and Cytochrome b gene. The GH gene is a genetics marker in nuclear DNA that expressed paternal traits in <em>salmons</em>, furthermore, Cytochrome b gene also is genetics marker that expressed maternal DNA in mitochondrial genomics. With two genes we documented that there were high homology between sequences of GH gene and Cytochrome b gene, hence the <em>salmonids </em>types, specially <em>salmo trutta caspius</em>, <em>salmo salar</em> and <em>salmo trutta fario</em> probably had similar ancient in bony fishes.
<strong> </strong>https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_16132_02bdc8b5a4537151245b9d533fe22c01.pdfEgyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology2090-07674120121201Comparative toxicity and biochemistry of organophosphates and pyrethroid compounds on both laboratory and field strain of the Cotton Leafworm Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.)1411511613310.21608/eajbsc.2012.16133ENEl- Sheikh T. A.A.Plant Prot. Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Cent., Dokki, Giza, EgyptJournal Article20181008Bioassay was carried out for monitoring resistance spectrum toward insecticides include organophosphates, Dursban H-48% EC (Chlorpyrifos) and pyrethroids Cyper (Cypermethrin 10% EC) in three different field populations (Gharbia , Kalubia and Menofeya Governorates) of the Cotton Leafworm, <em>Spodoptera littoralis</em> (Boisd.). Toxicity data based on LC<sub>50</sub> values indicated that the pyrethroid Cyper (Cypermethrin 10% EC) is more toxic insecticide against the laboratory strain, while, the OP Dursban H- 48% EC (Chlorpyrifos) was less toxic. The development of resistance to organophosphates, Dursban H- 48% EC (Chlorpyrifos) and pyrethroids Cyper (Cypermethrin 10% EC) in field strains of the cotton leafworm, in relation to esterases, glutathione s- transferase, and phosphatases was studied. Field strains exhibited moderately high level of resistance to the tested insecticides. A significant increase in the activity of esterases, glutathione s- transferase suggests a good relation to resistance was detected. A high level of acid phosphatase and low level of alkaline phosphatase accompanied the level of resistance to pyrethroid and OP.https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_16133_df289ab8bb5ac22f2d324a4a3e62b787.pdfEgyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology2090-07674120121201Nuclear receptor FTZ: partial cloning and expression pattern in fat body of the American cockroach Periplaneta americana (Linnaeus, 1758) during vitellogensis1531611613410.21608/eajbsc.2012.16134ENAzza MohamedElgendyEntomology Department, Faculty of Sciences, Cairo University, Egypt, Giza, P.O. Box 12613MakioTakedaInsect Science Laboratory, School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University,
Kobe, JapanJournal Article20181008The<br />aim of the present study was to understand the importance of the nuclear<br />receptor Fushi tarazu factor 1 (FTZ-F1) in relation to vitellogenin genes<br />expression in the fat body of <em>Periplaneta<br />mericana</em> during the first vitellogenic cycle. Initially, a 342 bp fragment<br />was cloned from the female fat body through degenerate primer RT-PCR method.<br />Its sequence analysis revealed high homology with other insects and animals<br />FTZ-F1. In order to find the relation between the <em>P. americana</em> FTZ and vitellogenins, we analyzed the expression<br />pattern of the latter in the fat body during vitellogensis. The PamFTZ transcript was detected during all<br />stages of vitellogenesis in the fat body with a little increase in day 5, preceding<br />the bulk of vitellogenin genes expression. We assumed that nuclear protein FTZ<br />in the hemimetabolous insect, <em>P.<br />americana</em> might functions as a competence factor that facilitates juvenile<br />hormonal activation of gene expression as in holometabolous insect, <em>Drosophila melanogaster.</em>https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_16134_8cc486265c144d89cecf29df321e6c69.pdf