Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology2090-07676220141201Biological and molecular aspects of the insect growth regulator lufenuron on Spodoptera littoralis (Bosid) (Lepidoptera:Noctuidae)1161370910.21608/eajbsc.2014.13709ENReda F. A.Bakr-Entomology Department – Faculty of Science- Ain Shams University
-Biology Department –Faculty of Science –KKU- Abha-KSANehad M.El-barkyEntomology Department – Faculty of Science- Benha UniversityMona F.Abd ElazizEntomology Department – Faculty of Science- Benha UniversityMohamed H.AwadZoology Department – Faculty of Science- Benha UniversityHisham M. E.Abd El-HalimEntomology Department – Faculty of Science- Benha UniversityJournal Article20180915The cotton leafworm, <em>S. littoralis</em>, isa major pest in Egypt causes severe quantitative and qualitative losses of cotton and other economic crops. This study examined the effect of chitin synthesis inhibitors, lufenuron (match 5%) on the 2<sup>nd</sup> instar larvae. The results showed that lufenuron caused not only mortality in larval stages, but also caused effect on pupal and adult duration, adult fecundity and egg fertility. Also lufenuron treatments have resulted in emergence of deformed pupae and adults. PCR-RFLP technique was used in this study to investigate the effect of lufenuron on the vira-like chitinase gene, one of the genes involved in the formation of chitin and concerned with development of insect. The endonucleases <em>Spel, EcoRI</em> and <em>Bbsl </em>were used to detect the molecular changes at different time intervals 6, 12, 24 and 48hrs post treatment with sublethal doses LC<sub>25</sub>, LC<sub>50</sub> and LC<sub>90.</sub>The results showed significant changes in the sequencesof the treated groups which weredose and time dependants. Moreover the number of RNA secondary structure stems was varied in the different studied groups and most of them differed in their nucleotide sequences, positions and free energy.https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_13709_7dc5506c47c6ad08535a3be228456ded.pdfEgyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology2090-07676220141201Effect of White Tea Extract on Antioxidant Enzyme Activities of Streptozotocin –Induced Diabetic Rats17301371010.21608/eajbsc.2014.13710ENAhlam A. M.Al-ShiekhMolecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, 61314 Abha, P.O. Box 9004, Kingdom of Saudi ArabiaAli A.Al-ShatiMolecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, 61314 Abha, P.O. Box 9004, Kingdom of Saudi ArabiaMohammed A. A.SarhanMolecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, 61314 Abha, P.O. Box 9004, Kingdom of Saudi ArabiaJournal Article20180915Tea is the second most popular drink in the world after water, and many studies have highlighted the effects of drinking tea. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the effects of white tea extract on the antioxidant enzymes activity including superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px), and catalase (CAT). A significant decrease was observedin serum and liverSOD, GSH-px, and CAT activities in the diabetic control rats compared with the nondiabetic control ones. However, a significant increase in SOD, GSH-px, and CAT activities (serum and liver) was observed in the diabetic groups treated with white tea extract or Glibenclamide as compared to the diabetic control group. In conclusion, the present findings indicated that white tea extract has an enhancing effect on the antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, CAT, and GSH-px) in STZ-induced diabetic ratshttps://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_13710_3fee73d9f36432bde09de264d7d52e4a.pdfEgyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology2090-07676220141201Association between HR-HPV infection and P53 gene mutations among Sudanese Oral Cancer Patients31381602710.21608/eajbsc.2014.16027ENFaris MerghaniEltomDepartment of Histopathology and Cytology, College of Medical Laboratories Science, Sudan University for Sciences and Technology, SudanHusain Gad ElkarimAhmadDepartment of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Hail, KSAMoneira Abd AllahMansourDepartment of Medical laboratory science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, KSA.Ali Yousif YahiaBabikerDepartment of Medical laboratory science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, KSA.Saad AlnourAbusailDepartment of Medical laboratory science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, KSA.Journal Article20181006<strong>Objectives</strong>: The aim of this study was to determine the association between HR-HPV and p53 gene mutation among Sudanese oral cancer patients.
<strong>Methodology</strong>: In this retrospective study 200 patients with oral lesions were screened by molecular methods (PCR) for the presence of HR-HPV subtypes and Immunohistochemistery for presence of p53 gene mutation. Of the 200 patients, 100/200 were patients with oral cancer (ascertained as case group) and 100/200 were patients with non-neoplastic oral lesions (ascertained as control group).
<strong>Results:</strong> Out of the 200 patients, 12/200 (6%) were found with HR-HPV infection. Of the 12 positive patients, 10/12 (83.3%) were among cases and the remaining 2/12 (16.7%) were among control group, HPV16 was the most prevalent type. None of the sample of patients with benign tumor with positive HPV showed p53 gene mutation. From three samples obtained from patients with oral cancer who were positive HPV showed (30%) had mutations in the p53 gene. The chi- square test was shown to have significant differences between the oral cancer with HPV infection and the presence of p53 mutation
<strong>Conclusion:</strong> HPV is a risk factor for oral cancer, and not always that the incidence of cancer is caused by mutations in gene.https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_16027_5fb753f355c41b069d085b4f3f73a1ed.pdfEgyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology2090-07676220141201Distribution of CKD and Hypertension in 13 Towns in Hail Region, KSA39451602810.21608/eajbsc.2014.16028ENHussain GadelkarimAhmedCollege of Medicine, University of Hail, Kingdom of Saudi ArabiaIbrahim AbdelmajeedGinawiCollege of Medicine, University of Hail, Kingdom of Saudi ArabiaHasan KasimHaridiHead of research department-Hail Health Authority-KSAFaris MarganiEltomDepartment of Medical laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, KSA3Awdah MAl-hazimiCollege of Medicine, King Abdul-Aziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi ArabiaJournal Article20181006<strong>Background</strong>: Identification of individuals with early chronic kidney disease (CKD) and impaired blood pressure at community base provides opportunities for successful interventions that decrease burden renal failure and hypertension. Therefore, the aim of present study was to screen for CKD and hypertension in 13 towns around Hail city.
<strong>Methodology</strong>: Screening for CKD is performed involving 2800 Saudi volunteers with age ranges from 14 to 100 years. Participants fulfilled a questionnaire, underwent blood pressure measurement and were then sent for laboratory investigations for CKD.
<strong>Results</strong>: Of the 2800 individuals, CKD was Identified in 217/2800 (7.8%), of whom 95/217 (43.8%) were males and 122/217 (56.2%) were females. Hypertension was identified in 939/2800 (33.4%), of whom 477/939 (50.9%) were males and 462/939 (49.1%) were females.
<strong>Conclusion</strong>: The prevalence of CKD and hypertension are high in Hail Region and differ from town to another. An intervention at the community base is high required to identify individuals at risk for follow up and early treatment.https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_16028_c1e929bd3f893945d5ac43c5e51ffa16.pdfEgyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology2090-07676220141201Prevalence Rates of Diabetes and Obesity in 4 Provinces in Hail Region, KSA47531602910.21608/eajbsc.2014.16029ENIbrahim AbdelmajeedGinawiCollege of Medicine, University of Hail, Kingdom of Saudi ArabiaAbdelbaset MohamedElasbaliCollege of Applied Medical Sciences, University of HailHussain GadelkarimAhmedCollege of Medicine, University of Hail, Kingdom of Saudi ArabiaAwdah M.Al-hazimi-College of Medicine, University of Hail, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
-College of Medicine, King Abdul-Aziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi ArabiaHassan KasimHaridiHead of research Unit, Hail Health AffairsIbraheem M.AshankytyCollege of Applied Medical Sciences, University of HailAbdelkareemAlsuedaaCollege of Medicine, King Saud University, Kingdom of Saudi ArabiaDaadAkbarCollege of Medicine, King Abdul-Aziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi ArabiaFatmaAlbeladiCollege of Medicine, King Abdul-Aziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.AhmedAlrashdanKing Khalid Hospital Hail, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.Journal Article20181006<strong>Background:</strong> Diabetes Miletus (DM) and obesity are the major public health challenge nowadays that contributes considerable morbidity and mortality rates worldwide. It is a well known that overweight or obese are at greater risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Therefore, objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence rates of Diabetes and obesity in a community base survey.
<strong>Methodology: </strong>Data were collected during cross sectional survey involved 4 provinces (Hail, Baqaaa, Ash Shinan and Ghazala) representing Hail in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA).
<strong>Results:</strong> The prevalence rates of DM and obesity in Hail, Baqaa, Ash Shinan and Ghazala were (27% and 64%), (35% and 70%), (18.6% and 69%), (35% and 55%), respectively.
<strong>Conclusion</strong>: Both DM and Obesity are prevalent in all 4 provinces of Hail Region which requires interventions at community base including educational programs raising awareness towards these preventable factors.https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_16029_0bfb9081e2fdd8bd515acab48879972d.pdfEgyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology2090-07676220141201Burden of Cancer in North Sudan: A community-based Survey55631603010.21608/eajbsc.2014.16030ENHussain GadelkarimAhmedDepartment of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Hail, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.Faris MarganiEltomCollege of Medical Laboratory Science, Sudan University of Science & Technology & Department of medical laboratory, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, KSAMazin AbdulrahmanDoumiDepartment of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kordofan, Sudan & University of Hail, KSAMohmmed MadaniEltybeFaculty of Medical Laboratory Science, Elneelain University, Khartoum, SudanTagreed AhmedMahmoudDepartment of Histopathology and Cytology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Science, University of Khartoum, SudanSyda OmerEbnoofDepartment of Histopathology and Cytology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Science, University of Khartoum, SudanRashid Awad AbdallaSalihDepartment of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Hail, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.Journal Article20181006<strong>Objective:</strong> The aim of this study was to verify the approximate epidemiology of cancer burden in the adults' population of North Sudan.
<strong>Methodology:</strong> A cross-sectional survey among 1200 individuals was performed. A purposeful form was used to collect cancer-related data.
<strong>Results</strong>: About 865 participants had responded. Out of 865 respondents, 346(41.1%) had relatives with cancer. The most frequent mentioned cancers were breast, leukemia, colon, prostate, oral, lung, cervix and stomach, representing, 24.8%, 17%, 15%, 14.6%, 14.3%, 13.9%, 10.6% and 9.6%, respectively.
<strong>Conclusion</strong>: The prevalence of cancer was higher among adults population in North Sudan. The full burden of cancer in Sudan remains mysterious, since there no effective cancer registry in the countryhttps://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_16030_cc21455fcd19ca85f082839a6903dfe6.pdfEgyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology2090-07676220141201Improved Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Sudanese Children by use of Insertion Sequence IS611065701603110.21608/eajbsc.2014.16031ENAhmed L.OsmanDepartments of Microbiology, College of Medical Laboratory Science, The National Ribat University, Khartoum, SudanNageeb S.SaeedDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, SudanMiskelyemen A.Elmekki-Departments of Microbiology, College of Medical Laboratory Science, Sudan University of Science and Technology, Khartoum, Sudan.
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Al madenah Al monawarah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.Mogahid M.Elhassan-Departments of Microbiology, College of Medical Laboratory Science, Sudan University of Science and Technology, Khartoum, Sudan.
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Al madenah Al monawarah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.Journal Article20181006This study was carried out in Khartoum state during the period from January 2010 to December 2013 to detect <em>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em> in children with symptoms of tuberculosis infection using different conventional and advanced diagnostic techniques. One hundred ninety seven specimens of gastric lavage and sputum were collected from different hospital in Khartoum state<strong>.</strong>specimens were decontaminated and inoculated on Lowenstein Jensen media according to modified Pettrof’s method, two smears were prepared and stained by Ziehl Neelsen stainbacterial DNA was extracted from each specimen by using phenol chloroform method, and then the Polymerase Chain Reaction technique was adopted to detect Insertion Sequence IS6110 gene of <em>M. tuberculosis</em>in in these specimens.
This study showed that the positive results for ZN, Culture and PCR were 16 (8.1%), 32 (16.2%) and 35(17.8%) respectively. The study concluded that the PCR technique is a most sensitive and specific technique for a fast identification of <em>M. tuberculosis</em> in gastric lavage and sputum from children who are unable to expectorate good quality sputum sample or diagnosed as negative using conventional diagnostic methods.https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_16031_5ad07be728a01c8b9a027679059779b2.pdfEgyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology2090-07676220141201Frequency of Tuberculous Lymphadenitis among Sudanese Pediatric patients71741603210.21608/eajbsc.2014.16032ENHussain GadelkarimAhmedDepartment of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Hail, KSA, University of Khartoum, SudanIhab HamedNoureinDepartment of Histopathology, Sudan University of Science and Technology, SudanRashid Awad AbdallaSalihDepartment of Pediatric, College of Medicine, University of Hail, KSAJournal Article20181006<strong>Background:</strong> Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the major health challenges in many developing countries and in Sudan in particular. The aim of this study was to screen pediatric patients suspected with lymph Node (LN) TB for the presence of tuberculosis.
<strong>Methodology</strong>: This study investigated retrospectively 42 LN biopsies taken from pediatric patients for evidences indicating the presence of <em>Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (MT).</em> Hematoxylin and Eosin (HE), Zielnelson (ZN), Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) techniques were used for diagnosis.
<strong>Results:</strong> For HE giant cell granuloma and caseation were evidenced in 33/42(78.6%), since epitheloid granuloma was evidenced in 9/42(21.4%). Positive ZN, IHC and PCR were indicated in 1/42(2.4%), 33/42 (78.6%) and 33/42(78.6%), respectively.
<strong>Conclusion:</strong> pediatric TB is still prevalent in some parts of Sudan. More effective health strategies are urgently needed in Sudan, particularly in eastern Sudan to control the disease.https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_16032_70047d331f0a4b86ca4a12f9ac121496.pdfEgyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology2090-07676220141201The Anti-Proliferative Effect of Hesperidin on Hepatocarcinoma Cells HepG275831603310.21608/eajbsc.2014.16033ENShadia A.FathyBiochemistry department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Egypt.Fatma F.Abdel-HamidBiochemistry department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Egypt.Sara A.AgwaClinical & Chemical Pathology department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, EgyptSamah M.El-Diasty1- Biochemistry department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, EgyptJournal Article20181006<span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">This<br />study investigates the antiproliferative effect of hesperidin on human<br />hepatocarcinoma HepG2 cell line. Different concentrations of hesperidin 25, 50 <em>et<br />al.</em> 100 µM were used for different time intervals 24, 48 <em>et al.</em> 72<br />hrs, while untreated cells were served as control. The effects of different<br />concentrations of hesperidin on HepG2 cell viability, nuclear factor kappa-B<br />(NF-kB) gene expression <em>et al.</em> alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) secretion from<br />the cells were measured. The results of the cell viability assays showed that<br />hesperidin concentrations exhibited a highly significant inhibition effect on<br />HepG2 cell proliferation which was evidenced by reduction in viable cells<br />count. The results were confirmed by microscopical observations of cell<br />morphology. Furthermore, hesperidin suppressed the activity of NF-kB gene<br />expression of HepG2 cells compared to the control. Also it caused a highly<br />significant depression in the level of AFP in HepG2 cells compared with that of<br />controls in time dependent manner. Therefore, the conclusion was that<br />hesperidin inhibits the growth of HepG2 cells through suppressing the activity<br />of NF-kB gene expression <em>et al.</em> modulates the biochemical marker AFP.</span>https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_16033_71cebc9bd233d706d4c9f0fa22739744.pdfEgyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology2090-07676220141201Current Burden of diabetes in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in an epidemiological survey85911603410.21608/eajbsc.2014.16034ENHussain GadelkarimAhmedCollege of Medicine, University of Hail, Kingdom of Saudi ArabiaIbrahim AbdelmajeedGinawiCollege of Medicine, University of Hail, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia(KSA).Fawaz D.AlshammariCollege of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail.Abdelbaset MohamedElasbaliCollege of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail.Faris MarganiEltomDepartment of Medical laboratory science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, TaibahUniversity, KSA.Awdah M.Al-hazimiCollege of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, KSAJournal Article20181006<strong>Objective:</strong> The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of diabetes In Hail Region, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA).<strong> Methodology:</strong> Data were collected during a cross-sectional survey included 5000 Saudi selected from 30 primary health care centers (PHCs) in Hail Region. <strong> Results</strong>: The overall prevalence of diabetes in Hail was 31.1%. The prevalence of male was 32.6% and female was 29.6% (P <0.0001). The risk of diabetes increases with the increase of age, as well as, with increasing body mass index (BMI) and this was found to be statistically significant p < 0.0001.<strong> Conclusion</strong>: These results indicate that diabetes is prevalent in Hail Region that requires strict strategies for prevention and overall management.https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_16034_5221d5bc6d979b931f20e8d373d311bf.pdfEgyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology2090-07676220141201Exercise ameliorates diabetes-induced osteoarthritis in rats93991603510.21608/eajbsc.2014.16035ENAbbas O.ElKaribDepartment of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia.Journal Article20181006<strong>Introduction:</strong> Osteoarthritis secondary to diabetes is one of the common public health problems arising from diabetic complications in humans. Exercise was reported to alleviate cardiovascular diabetic complications. We sought to determine whether exercise can also ameliorate diabetes-induced osteoarthritis condition. <strong>Material and methods:</strong> Using basic histological staining, I studied the morphological changes in the articular cartilage of diabetic rats with and without swim exercise and compare it with the control, untreated rats. In addition, interleukin-6 (IL-6), a biomarker that is known to be elevated in osteoarthritis was assayed in the blood of the three rat groups by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
<strong>Results:</strong> Compared to the control group, induction of type I diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in Wistar rats caused a profound damage to the knee joint cartilage as demonstrated by disrupted lacunae, condensing of the matrix and enlargement of the chondrocytes and its nucleus with the disappearance of both, the euchromatin staining and the discrete cytoplasmic vacuoles. Furthermore, there was a four-fold increase in IL-6 in the T1DM group that was significantly (p<0.01) reduced in the diabetic group with exercise. More interestingly, exercise resolved diabetes-induced cartilage damage by restoring the chondrocytes spherical intact nucleus and vaculated cytoplasms with regular lacunae.
<strong>Conclusion:</strong> In this report, we have demonstrated a model of diabetes-induced osteoarthritis in rats where swim exercise was able to ameliorate both articular cartilage damage and IL-6 inflammatory biomarker in T1DM rats.https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_16035_4d935741bd7ba9e9dc258c426cdfdc55.pdfEgyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology2090-07676220141201Relationship between Epithelial MembraneProtein2 expression and Epstein Barr Virus, Cytomegalovirus and Herpes Simplex Virus infections in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma.1011051603610.21608/eajbsc.2014.16036ENMohammed SiddigAbd El AzizDepartment of Histopathology and Cytology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Science, Sudan University For Science and Technology, SudanRania Saad Abdul GaderSulimanDepartment of Histopathology and Cytology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Science, Sudan University For Science and Technology, SudanHussain GadelkarimAhmedDepartment of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Hail, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA).Journal Article20181006<strong>Background:</strong> Lack of expression of Epithelial Membrane Protein-2(EMP2) in Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is associated with adverse prognosticators and might confer tumor aggressiveness through hampering its interaction with specific membrane protein; and as Human Herpes Viruses linked to etiology of NPC, the aim of this study was to find out the relationship between EME2and these viruses.
<strong>Methodology</strong>: In this study patients with NPC were investigated retrospectively. EMP2 expression was demonstrated by immunohistochemistry using n EMP2 antibody. EBV, CMV and HSV were identified by polymerase chain Reaction (PCR).
<strong>Results</strong>: loss of EMP2 (negative) was identified in 10/92 (10.9%), P < 0.04; 10/53 (18.9%), P <0.05 and 4/18(22.2%), P<0.001 of EBV, CMV and HSV, respectively.
<strong>Conclusion:</strong> In NPC, there is significant correlation between loss of expression of EMP2 and human herpes virtues (EBV, CMV and HSV).https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_16036_4fc0317d571c836514991974b6e1947d.pdfEgyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology2090-07676220141201Assessment of Oral Cellular proliferative activity among Toombak Dipper in Al-Obeyed City, Sudan1071131603710.21608/eajbsc.2014.16037ENAwad Eljeed AbugoodaAlobaidDepartment of Histopathology and Cytology, Medical Laboratory Sciences, Al-yarmouk College, Khartoum, Sudan.Ibrahim Bakhit YousefElemamDepartment of Histopathology and Cytology, Medical Laboratory Sciences, Al-yarmouk College, Khartoum, Sudan.Mohammed Abed AlgaderAlsheikhDepartment of Histopathology and Cytology, Medical Laboratory Sciences, Al-yarmouk College, Khartoum, SudanAbdalhafeez OsmanMahmudDepartment of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Hail, KSAHussain GadelkarimAhmedDepartment of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Hail, KSAJournal Article20181006<strong>Background</strong>: Many factors have been identified as important causative agents that responsible for the development of oral precancerous and cancerous lesions. In Sudan, Toombak have been identified as a major risk factor. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the cellular proliferative activity that associated with Toombak use. Methodology: In this study 75 apparently healthy individuals were selected for this study, of whom 50 were currently Toombak users (cases) and 25 were non-Toombak users (controls), Pap. Method and Silver technique were used for the staining of oral smears.
<strong>Results:</strong> Cytological atypia was identified in 10 cases and 4 controls. The mean count NORs count was 4.6 in cases and 2.2 in controls.
<strong>Conclusion</strong>: Toombak is a major risk for occurrence of cellular proliferative activity features that may progress in to oral precancerous or cancerous lesions.https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_16037_7b0ea5ce862cd22e1e0049847b517bfc.pdfEgyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology2090-07676220141201Some Sorghum Milling Techniques versus Flour Quality1151241603810.21608/eajbsc.2014.16038ENAbdelrahim S. M.KSudan Academy of ScienceMudawi H.A.University of Khartoum, Dep. of Food Science & TechnologyJournal Article20181006Tabat<br />a Sudanese sorghum cultivar was collected from local Khartoum market season 2009; three samples<br />were cleaned and prepared for milling. A commercial decorticator was used to<br />decorticate 10% from Sample A and 5% from Sample B, Sample C was whole grain.<br />The three samples were milled on commercial stone mill and a laboratory disc<br />mill. The mills were set to produce the finest and coarsest possible flours.<br />Milled stocks were analyzed to examine some milling quality parameters:<br />moisture and protein losses, color, ash content and<br />granularity. Fine sorghum semolina was evaluated as wheat flour improver<br />ingredient carrier. When sorghum and wheat fine semolina were compared as wheat<br />flour improver carrier no significant differences were observed on farinograph<br />results. It can be concluded that with<br />suitable mill adjustment and suitable sifting media stone and disc mills can<br />produce wide range of sorghum products: flour fine semolina and coarse semolina<br />for diverse uses, when a decorticated or partially decorticated sorghum is<br />used.https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_16038_7894ce496b8ab2a7cc60e0cec54796d0.pdfEgyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology2090-07676220141201Molecular Characterization of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Using Polymerase Chain Reaction1251301603910.21608/eajbsc.2014.16039ENBashir SiragBashirFaculty of Medicine, UMM AL-QURA UNIVERSITY, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA).Mogahed MohamedElhassanCollege of Applied Medical Sciences, University of TaibahJournal Article20181006<strong>Objective:</strong> The purpose of this study was to isolate and characterize Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Khartoum state using Polymerase Chain Reaction technique.
<strong>Methodology:</strong>71 specimens of sputum were collected from different hospital in Khartoum state were positive with Ziehl Neelsen stain.specimens were decontaminated and inoculated on Lowenstein Jensen media according to modified Pettrof’s method, biochemical tests, DNA was extracted from each specimen, and then the Polymerase Chain Reaction technique was adopted to detect Insertion Sequence IS6110 gene of M. tuberculosisin these specimens.
<strong>Results:</strong> Out of 71 samples, 57 (80.2%) of the isolates were Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex organisms, biochemical tests showed 68 (95.8%) were sensitive for Para-nitrobenzoic acid; 56 (78.9%) were resistant to Thiophene–2Carboxylic Acid Hydrazide (TCH); 68 (95.8%) were positive for nitrate reduction and 65 (91.6%) were catalase negative at 68°C. while 5(7.1%) revealed no growth. Sixty six Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex isolates were subjected to PCR. Fifty two (78.8%) showed that the positive results while, Fourteen (21.2%) of specimenc were negative by PCR.
<strong>Conclusion</strong>: This results revealed clearly the importance of conventional methods including Z.N stain and culture techniques in the diagnosis of TB especially if there is other invaders like Mycobacteria other than tuberculosis are suspected.https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_16039_ecb005a4b3a636655f3540d002226380.pdfEgyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology2090-07676220141201Effect of incubation and storage temperatures on Quality of set Yoghurt1311371604010.21608/eajbsc.2014.16040ENHassan A.MudawiUniversity of Khartoum, Department of Food Science & TechnologyAbdelrahim S. M.KSudan Academy of ScienceAbdallah M. I.MustafaGM at PDCA for integrated quality management systems solutionsJournal Article20181006This study aimed to investigate the effect of incubation and storage temperatures on quality of set yoghurt made from cow milk during storage life of 10 days. The yoghurt mix was prepared by adding 100 Kg skim milk powder to 341 liters of distilled water and then mixed for 20 minutes and adding 60 liters fresh cow milk. The yoghurt mix was pasteurized at 90<sup>o</sup>C for 20 minutes and then cooled to 45<sup>o</sup>C. A 2% of mixed starter culture type (CH-1, B-3) was added. Then it was incubated at different incubation temperatures (41<sup>o</sup>C, 43<sup>o</sup>C, 45<sup>o</sup>C) for 4 hours. Physiochemical characteristics such as acidity, viscosity, wheying-off and sensory quality were carried out at zero time and after one day in order to select optimum incubation temperature. Then optimum sample was stored at two temperatures (6<sup>o</sup>C and 10<sup>o</sup>C) to study the effect on quality. The results showed that the incubation temperature of 45<sup>o</sup>C gave the best quality yoghurt compared with incubation temperatures of 41<sup>o</sup>C and 43<sup>o</sup>C as measured with the parameters of acidity, wheying-off, viscosity and sensory quality.
Storage temperature of 6<sup>o</sup>C gave the better quality yoghurt compared with storage temperature of 10<sup>o</sup>C which resulted in large amount of whey separated, low viscosity and low acidity.https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_16040_0763d34219ded289c65886e9111d3669.pdfEgyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology2090-07676220141201The effect of chloroquine induced hypoglycemia on the levels of major blood serum proteins in diabetic mice1381481604110.21608/eajbsc.2014.16041ENAbdallah B.MahmoudLaboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Assiut university, Assiut 71516, EgyptAlshaimaa A.AlghrianyLaboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Assiut university, Assiut 71516, EgyptAbo Bakr M.Abdel ShakorLaboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Assiut university, Assiut 71516, EgyptJournal Article20181006<span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 11pt; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Chloroquine is a drug derived from cinchona bark has been used for long<br />time to treat different diseases including malaria and accidently it was proved<br />to lower hyperglycemia. Diabetes mellitus is accompanied with many disorders<br />including blood serum proteins levels. Taking into consideration that insulin<br />administration controls hyperglycemia of diabetic patients but it is not<br />sufficient to restore the level of blood serum proteins. In the present work we<br />compared the action of chloroquine and insulin on major blood serum proteins of<br />alloxan induced diabetes. Mice were injected once with alloxan and then treated<br />either with chloroquine or insulin. Another category of mice were fed with high<br />glucose diet for short or long period to induce hyperglycemia independent of<br />insulin level. Major blood serum proteins namely; transferrin, albumin,<br />antitrypsin, acid glycoprotein and immunoglobulin G were estimated by SDS-PAGE<br />and Image J software. Our results showed that chloroquine and insulin were<br />independently effective in lowering fasting blood glucose level in alloxan<br />treated animals. Also chloroquine significantly raises blood serum insulin<br />level in diabetic animals without exogenous insulin treatment. Chloroquine<br />restored partially or completely the level of transferrin, antitrypsin, acid<br />glycoprotein and immunoglobulin G significantly and more efficiently than<br />insulin. Both chloroquine and insulin had no influence on restoring the level<br />of albumin in diabetic mice. The results indicate that chloroquine treatment<br />may be a good adjuvant therapy with insulin to control diabetes and its<br />complications</span>https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_16041_eb80966edb162bee62f82e793d6db814.pdf