2024-03-29T02:13:02Z
https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/?_action=export&rf=summon&issue=4736
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology
2090-0767
2090-0767
2019
11
1
The Variant Allele Frequency of p53 Arg72Pro (rs1042522) Polymorphism: A Major Breast Cancer Susceptibility Factor in Saudi and Other Ethnic Groups
Naseem
Akhter
Introduction: Codon 72 polymorphism (G> C; Arg> Pro) in p53, an important tumor suppressor gene, contribute to an elevated risk of many cancers including breast cancer. p53 alterations negatively impact cell cycle arrest, DNA damage repair, and apoptosis leading to cancer onset and development. The occurrence of p53 exon 4 G>C polymorphism is different in diverse populations, but the information regarding its allelic distribution in the Saudi population is lacking.
Methods: PUBMED (Medline), the web of science and google database were used to search
epidemiological studies conducted globally to compare the frequency distribution of variant allele in the Saudi population with that of diverse ethnic groups.
Results: The frequency of p53 exon 4 variant allele (G) was found to be 51% in the Saudi population. A significantly different variant allele frequency was found for Japan (p<0.0001), Jordan (p=0.0002), China (p<0.0001), Iran (p<0.0001), India (p=0.0023), Turkey (p<0.0001) and Taiwan (0.0307) ethnic populations, upon comparison of Saudi Arabian frequency with that of other Asian populations. Furthermore, a significantly different MAF was found in every study in the Caucasian group except for Greece (p=0.1451) ethnic populations, when compared with Saudi Arabian frequency.
Conclusions: The allelic frequency distribution analysis of p53 exon4 Arg72Pro SNP in Saudi population showed a unique pattern, significantly different from many populations in Asian subgroup and all but one populations in the Caucasian subgroup. The findings may help in large scale population screening for this cancer susceptibility factor.
p53 Arg72Pro
Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP)
Minor Allele Frequency (MAF)
Saudi Arabia
2019
06
01
1
14
https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_26280_f9936b4790e7b5f5bc4903955126769f.pdf
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology
2090-0767
2090-0767
2019
11
1
Prevalence and Prognosis of Cerebrovascular Accidents and its Subtypes: A Cross-Sectional Study in the Hail Region, Saudi Arabia
Nawaf
Alhazmi
Hala
Alassaf
Ahmed
Alhaysuni
Areeb
AlTbenawi
Latifah
Alateeq
Abdullah
Alkhalaf
Khalid
Alshammari
Turki
Alghassab
Omar
Alshammari
Shuaa
alshammari
Sasikumar
Dhanarasu
Cerebrovascular accidents or stroke is an important healthcare concern. Ischemic stroke is an acute neurologic deficit that results from focal cerebral ischemia leading to permanent tissue damage (infarction). The cause is commonly associated with atherothrombotic occlusion of large arteries, cerebral embolism (embolic infarction), nonthrombotic occlusion of small, deep cerebral arteries (lacunar infarction), and proximal arterial stenosis with hypotension that decreases cerebral blood flow in arterial watershed zones (hemodynamic stroke). Stroke is being observed as a rapidly growing problem and an important cause of illness and death in Saudi Arabia. The aims of this cross-sectional study were to establish the prevalence and prognosis of cerebrovascular accidents and its subtypes in the Hail Region, Saudi Arabia. Data were collected on all patients who experienced CVAs between September 2017–January 2018, used the diagnosis coding program in King Khalid Hospital in Hail, Saudi Arabia. Out of 190 patients, 63.7% were male and 36.3% were female. The overall incidence of ischemic stroke after acute myocardial infarction was 85.26%. Hypertension, diabetes mellitus were shown as more risk factors for ischemic stroke type compared with hemorrhagic stroke and embolic stroke. The overall status of stroke patients was shown 92.1% live and 7.9% were dead. The incidence of complicating hospitalizations with cerebrovascular accident continues to grow and is associated with increased mortality and adverse discharge. This highlights the need for early diagnosis, better risk stratification, and preparedness for the need for complex long-term care in this vulnerable population.
Cerebrovascular accidents
Ischemic stroke
hemorrhagic stroke
embolic stroke
and myocardial infarction
2019
06
01
15
28
https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_26816_226b4f33b0602717252978e78a36bb22.pdf
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology
2090-0767
2090-0767
2019
11
1
Cathepsin L is A Potential Marker for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Mennatullah
El-Nadi
Hebatallah
Hassan
Mahmoud
Amer
Mona
Mohamed
Mohamed
El-Shinawi
Sherif
Ibrahim
Breast cancer is the second cancer-related death among women worldwide. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive and lethal subtype, which is associated with high metastasis and poor prognosis. Cathepsins, a family of lysosomal cysteine proteases, such as cathepsin L (CTSL), are involved in cancer invasion and metastasis. Thus, CTSL may emerge as a marker for TNBC. So, we characterized the expression of CTSL mRNA in tissue specimen of TNBC (n = 10) and non-TNBC (non-TN) (n = 10) using quantitative real-time PCR. Data were statistically analyzed using Mann-Whitney U-test. Our data demonstrate that CTSL mRNA expression was up-regulated in TN BC vs. non-TN BC patients. In conclusion, the high expression of CTSL may represent a marker for TNBC and its targeting could have therapeutic implications
Triple-negative
breast cancer
Cathepsin L
2019
06
01
29
36
https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_26817_6c49f2dcc07a14d4f6910747a8c68692.pdf
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology
2090-0767
2090-0767
2019
11
1
Broiler Productive and Physiological Performance under Different Heat Combating Practices during Acute Heat Stress
El-Shafei
A.
M.
Al-Gamal
M.
Abo-Gabal
H.
Basuony
E.
Saad
An experiment was designed to study the effect of different heat combating practices during acute heat stress on productive and physiological performances of Cobb500 chicks. Total of 540 one-day old of Cobb500 chicks was randomly divided into six equal groups with three replicates (30 birds in each). The first group was subjected to neutral temperature (NT), the second group was under chronic heat stress as a control (CHS), the third group was exposed to early heat acclimation (EHA), the fourth group was exposed to feed restriction (FR), the fifth group was supplemented with 1 g vitamin C/Kg diet (Vit.C), and the six group was treated with a combination of the last three treatments (EFC). It was observed that, CHS group recorded the highest value in respiratory, mortality rate, serum liver enzymes activities (ALT and AST), serum glucose concentrations and the lowest body weight, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, serum concentrations of triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) hormones, serum immunoglobulin concentration, serum lipid profile levels, livability among groups, while, exposed chicks to different heat combating practices: NT, EFC, Vit.C, FR and EHA, respectively, decreased significantly chicks mortality, serum corticosterone concentration hormone and improved the livability percentages, body weight, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, serum immunoglobulin concentrations and had better results for serum ALT and AST activities. Furthermore, EFC and NT groups recorded the highest significant EPEI values (18.38 and 17.48) respectively, and serum concentrations of triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) hormones compared to the other groups. It can be concluded that EFC treatment showed the best practical method compared to the other groups to enhance the production performance and immunity status followed by T5, T4 and T3. Therefore, these methods can be applied in broilers farms to increase the economic return
Acute heat stress
Broiler Chicken
and physiological changes
2019
06
01
37
49
https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_27332_6a9067d1d914f565745e425ac7c6e4dc.pdf
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology
2090-0767
2090-0767
2019
11
1
Assessment of Mutagenicity of Herbal Preparations from Al-Baha Region, Saudi Arabia
Adel
Al-Zubairi
Background and Objective: Traditional use of herbal medicinal plants in Saudi Arabia is common and in particular in Al-Baha region either in rural or urban areas for treatment of several ailments and no reports have been found about the mutagenicity of Saudi medicinal plants. Here we investigated the mutagenic/genotoxic effects of four herbal plants methanolic extracts namely, Acalypha fruticosa, Aloe vera, Jatropha spp and Ricinus communis, using the Ames test Methodology: For assessment of the mutagenicity of these four plants, we used the bacterial reverse mutagenicity assay (Ames test) without any metabolic activation system. The plants methanolic extract concentrations used were 0.1, 1.0 and 5.0 mg/ml. Results: Low concentrations of the extracts (0.1 mg/ml) of the four plants were found to be non-mutagenic (p < 0.05), while only the extracts of Aloe vera and Jatropha were found to be mutagenic in the second concentration (1.0 mg/ml). Meanwhile, Acalypha fruticosa extract at 1.0 mg/ml was found to be non-mutagenic and Ricinu communis was found to be cytotoxic at this concentration. At the concentration of 5.0 mg/ml the three extracts (Acalypha fruticosa, Aloe vera, Jatropha ) were mutagenic. Conclusion: Only higher concentrations, 1.0 and 5.0 mg/ml extracts of the herbal plants Acalypha fruticosa, Aloe vera and Jatropha, were found to be mutagenic/genotoxic in the reverse bacterial mutagenicity Ames test.
herbal plants
mutagenicity
Ames test
Al-Baha
traditional medicine
2019
06
01
51
62
https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_27658_99e666f4ae8677a82ca57a1728431c8d.pdf
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology
2090-0767
2090-0767
2019
11
1
Role of DNA Polymerase κ in the Processing of DNA-protein Cross-link Damage Induced by 2ʹ-deoxy-5-azacytidine and Formaldehyde
Mahmoud
Shoulkamy
Hiroshi
Ide
Genomic DNA that essential for cell survival is constantly undergoes various forms of DNA damages upon attacked by DNA-damaging agents from exogenous and endogenous sources. DNA-protein cross-links (DPCs) are super-bulky, steric hindrance and less characterized DNA damage among those so far identified. Currently known DPCs are classified into four main types depending on the way of attachment to DNA strands. Of these types, type 1 is the most ubiquities in which cross-linked proteins (CLPs) are covalently attached to an undistorted DNA strand. While several researchers worldwide start to be attention about DPC damage, the repair factors that are indispensable for the processing of type 1 DPC remain largely elusive. Therefore, in the present study, we analyzed the role of translesion synthesis (TLS) DNA polymerases κ and ι (polκ and ι) in the processing of type 1 DPC. Obviously, mouse cells deficient in polκ were highly sensitive to 2ʹ-deoxy-5-azacytidine (azadC, a DNA methylating agent) and formaldehyde (FA, a simple aldehyde). Furthermore, the quantitative analysis of DPCs in polκ proficient and deficient cells using fluorescence labeling method which we have developed recently revealed that the amount of DPCs increased significantly in azadC and FA-treated cells compared to untreated control. In contrast, a DNA methylation inhibitor Zebularine (Zeb) does not enhance the sensitivity of polκ deficient cells compared to polκ proficient cells. Additionally, no DPC is formed upon treatment with Zeb in polκ cells. The most remarkable conclusion is that the sensitivity of polκ deficient cells to azadC is exclusively due to DPC and ruling out the involvement of polκ in DNA methylation. Based on the current findings, we suggested a possible repair model for type 1 DPC induced by azadC and FA. Wherein, small peptides result from breakage of large CLPs are bypassed by polκ and consequently the repair proceeds.
DNA polymerases
translesion synthesis
DNA damage
DNA repair
DNA-protein cross-links
2019
06
01
63
73
https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_27735_7230ad2a457a3196d1bad71963ae494b.pdf
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology
2090-0767
2090-0767
2019
11
1
Obesity Modulating Efficiency of Moringa oleifera Extract on Obese Modeled Rats
Mohamed
Al-Gebily
Fatma
Morsy
Elyamany
Elzawahry
Diaa
Ibrahim
Khaled
Abdel-Wahhab
Obesity is a chronic metabolic disorder that is raised by multiple biological and environmental factors. The objective of this study was to determine the thermogenesis potential of Egyptian Moringa oleifera against obesity disorder. Adult male Wistar albino rats (150-170g) were randomly divided into four groups (10 animals each) as follows: group (1)healthy rats fed standard diet and served as control, group (2)animals orally Moringa oleifera extract-standard diet (20%), group (3)obese rats fed high-fat diet and group (4) obese animals administrated Moringa oleifera extract-high-fat diet (20%). After six weeks of feeding, the results revealed that feeding of obese animals on moringa (20%) mixed diet succeeded to decline the body weight as well as obesity-induced disorders; this was evidenced by the significant reduction of body weight gain and BMI values as well as levels of serum ALAT, ASAT, urea, creatinine, total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, LDH, CK, PON1, TNF-α and glucose. Also, cardio-hepatic MDA and nitric oxide levels ware decreased coupled with marked elevation in the levels of serum HDL and irisin as well as cardio-hepatic GSH, SOD and CAT. Moreover, the histopathological findings showed a marked regeneration. In conclusion, Moringa oleifera, as a food supplement, could play a beneficial role in management of obesity and its disorders; this could be exhibited through its bioactive components with thermogenesis mechanism and/or other multiple pathways.
Obesity
Irisin
Moringa paraoxonase-1
Rats
2019
06
01
75
91
https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_28305_a5a6a29fe281f95503100b08b5c83563.pdf
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology
2090-0767
2090-0767
2019
11
1
Physiological Studies of the Effect of Moringa olifera and Vitamin (C) on Hepatotoxicity and Oxidative Stress Induced by Lead Acetate in Male Albino Rats
Abd-El Reheem
El Shater
Rana
Ali
Eman
RephaaI
Lead is highly toxic naturally occurring element that affects numerous organ systems in humans, the purpose of this study was to investigate the role of Moringa olifera leaves extract and vitamin C in male albino rats against lead acetate toxicity. forty (40) male albino rats were used for the experiment. Group I was administered distilled water, Group II was administered lead acetate only (20mg/kg b.w.), Group III was administered lead acetate (20mg/kg b w) and Moringa olifera leaves extract (400mg/kg b.w.) and Group IV was administered lead acetate (20mg/kg b.w.) and Vitamin C (50 mg/kg b.w.). Animals were exposed to treatment once daily for 8 weeks orally. After the last day of treated animals were slaughtered and blood samples collected and serum separated for analyzing serum liver enzymes. Results obtained in this present study revealed a significant increased at (p<0.05) in aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine transferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP),bilirubin and Malondialdehyde (MAD), while showed a significant decreased at (p<0.05) in Total protein, Albumin, Glutathione (GSH), Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Catalase (CAT) in group treated with lead acetate only when compared with normal group. However, Effects of Moringa oleifera (MO) and Vitamin C on hepatic injury due to lead induced oxidative stress revealed a significant decreased at (p<0.05) in aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine transferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bilirubin and Malondialdehyde (MAD), while showed a significant increased at (p<0.05) in Total protein, Albumin, Glutathione (GSH), Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Catalase (CAT) when compared with the control group. It is concluded that Moringa olifera leaves extract and vitamin C have antioxidant properties.
Lead acetate
Moringa Olifera
vitamin c
Hepatotoxicity
albino rats
2019
06
01
93
104
https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_28685_168da76de7ffb9002945c408e0276daf.pdf
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology
2090-0767
2090-0767
2019
11
1
Sex Differential Genetic, Biochemical, Electrolytes and Calcium Values Associated with Chronic Kidney Disease
Samir
Alharbi
Background: Several efforts have been made to reduce the burden of CKD through the control of its associated risk factors. The objective of this study was to assess, whether the biochemical, electrolytes and calcium values differ according to the sex of the patients, as well as, the possible association between UMOD gene mutation and certain patterns of biochemical, electrolytes and calcium measures.
Methodology: one hundred patients with CKD were randomly selected from different primary health care centers (PHCs) in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Biochemical (Creatinine, Urea, Uric acid, and Glucose) and minerals (Na+, K+, Cl− and Ca++) values were estimated, and UMOD gene mutations were investigated. Results: About 71.9% of the males were found with high urea values compared to 33.3% of the females, the RR (95% CI) = 2.1563 (1.3253 to 3.5082), P = 0.0020. Low K+ levels were significantly associated with females compared to males, the RR (95% CI) = 2.819 (1.1066 to 5.0773), P = 0.0264. About 60% 80% and 100% of the patients with UMOD gene mutation were found with low Na+ uric acid and Ca++. Conclusion: High blood urea is suggested as screening predictor for CKD in males. Low K+ levels were significantly associated with females compared to males. Patients with UMOD gene associated CKD are more susceptible to be with low serum Uric acid, Sodium, and Calcium
CKD
UMOD gene
serum electrolytes
Serum Calcium Saudi Arabia
2019
06
01
105
116
https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_28686_b7a786adb386cd52f1136280901d0133.pdf
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology
2090-0767
2090-0767
2019
11
1
Electrophoretic Protein and Amino Acid Analysis of Lucilia sericata, Chrysomya albiceps (Diptera: Calliphoridae) And Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae) Larval Excretion/Secretion
Moneer
Amer
Kotb
Hammad
Ahmed
Shehata
Ahmed
Hasballah
Mahmoud
Zidan
Lucilia sericata, Chrysomya albiceps and Musca domestica larvae have been successfully used routinely for the clinical treatment of difficult necrotic and infected wounds. Degradation by proteinases contained in larval excretory/secretory (ES) products is thought to contribute to wound debridement by removal of dead tissue. However, proteinase activity may also affect host tissue remodeling processes (Chambers et al., 2003), for hundreds of years, the beneficial effects of maggots on wound healing have been documented. Insects have to defend themselves from infection by a wide variety of potential bacteria and fungi. In addition to some of flies have beneficial effects in medicine especially, L. sericata which used in Maggot Debridement Therapy (MDT). Maggot therapy success is partly due to the ingestion and killing of living microorganisms but antibacterial activity of excretion/secretion (ES) that included the salivary gland secretions and faecal products of L. sericata has been demonstrated in vitro.
Electrophoretic Protein
Electrophoresis
Maggot
Excretion/Secretion
Lucilia sericata
Chrysomya albiceps
Musca domestica
Amino Acid analysis
Essential and Non-Essential Amino Acid
SDS-PAGE
2019
06
01
117
130
https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_28687_433ca1546c8e5be6997ab349fc41c102.pdf