2024-03-28T11:58:02Z
https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/?_action=export&rf=summon&issue=15286
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology
2090-0767
2090-0767
2020
12
2
Molecular Characterization of Betaine Aldehyde Dehydrogenase (BADH) Gene and Proline Estimation in Hordeum vulgare L. in Response to Abiotic Stress
H.
El-Atroush
Essam
Mostafa
Samira
Osman
Barley possesses the highest level of salt tolerance among cereals, thus it is used as an important species to investigate mechanisms involved in salt tolerance. The present investigation was conducted to study the effect of salt stress by different NaCl concentrations (0, 9000, 12000, and 15000 ppm) on proline production and it was found that there is a positive correlation between proline production and salinity. Also study the effect of salinity on BADH-1 gene expression by Real-Time PCR,where this gene was performed and it was aligned in GenBank. The sequencing was translated into amino acid sequences and these amino acid sequences were aligned in GenBank. Finally, the secondary structure of BADH-1 enzyme was determined from the most tolerant barley (Giza 2000 and Wadi Sedr) and sensitive barley Giza 129 cultivars, then sequencing translated into amino acid sequences and these sequences were aligned in GenBank. Finally, the secondary structure of BADH-1 enzyme was determined. These isolated genes were submitted in GenBank under accession numbers KX433169, KX342849, KX342850, KX342851, KX433170, and KX433171.
Hordeum vulgare L
abiotic stress
BADH gene sequencing
proline
Molecular characterization
2020
12
01
1
21
https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_100593_b0f73ab62dab5c37404ee80acf64df7b.pdf
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology
2090-0767
2090-0767
2020
12
2
The Protective Effect of Cinnamon against Thermally Oxidized Palm Oil in Broiler Chickens
Saadia
Ali
A.
Ismail
Samah
Abdel-Hafez
Hala
El-Genaidy
The present study was planned to investigate the extent of the protective effect of cinnamon against the possible damage effect of thermally oxidized palm oil on broiler chicks. A total number of 150 one d-old Cobb 500 broiler chicks were randomly divided into three treatment groups. The first group was served as control and fed the basal diet with tap water. While the 2ndgroup fed the basal diet supplemented with 2g cinnamon/kg diet, the 3rd group fed the basal diet supplemented with 5% thermally oxidized palm oil in combination with 2g cinnamon/kg diet. The experiment has lasted till chicks were 42 d old. Bodyweight, feed consumption, feed conversion ratio was estimated. Estimation of the effect of different treatments on the PPAR-α gene expression, Estimation of the lipid profile in serum, Estimation of the cholesterol level in the liver tissue. Correlation between the cholesterol level in both serum and liver tissue and determination of oxidative stress markers in serum. The results showed that the addition of cinnamon increases body weight and feed consumption plus improving the feed conversion ratio. Cinnamon also causes a significant increase in the PPAR-α gene expression in liver tissue, decreases the cholesterol concentrations in serum and liver, decreases triglycerides in serum and decreases the oxidative stress markers.
Cinnamon
thermally oxidized palm oil
PPAR-α gene
Broilers
2020
12
01
23
39
https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_100600_efa54f55e834ebcff3fc7d55f8738324.pdf
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology
2090-0767
2090-0767
2020
12
2
Immunological Profile of Type I Diabetes in Some Egyptian Patients
Metwally
Metwally
Adham
Sadiq
Alaa
Samn
Mahmoud
Hemida
Background: Diabetes mellitus is regarded to be one of the five leading induces of death in the world. Aim: The aim of this study is to estimate changes in the levels of biochemical parameters as fasting blood sugar (FBS), postprandial blood sugar (PP2BS) and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) together with immunological parameters as Complement proteins (C3 and C4), specific Immunoglobulin's (IgA, IgE, IgG, IgM) and C-peptide of type 1 diabetic patients to obtain a full immunological and physiological profile for type 1 diabetes. Subjects and Methods: Blood samples from 25 type 1 diabetic patients and 5 healthy control subjects were randomly selected from Zagazig University hospitals in Sharqiyya, Egypt. Serum blood sugar and glycosylated hemoglobin were measured following standard protocols and by using a chemical analyzer. C3, C4, IgA, IgE, IgG, IgM, and C-peptide were assayed by ELISA. Results: FBS, PP2BS and HbA1c significantly increased in type 1 diabetic patients compared to healthy control subjects. C4 and C-peptide significantly decreased in type 1 diabetic patients compared to healthy control subjects. IgG and IgM showed a significant increase in type 1 diabetic patients compared to healthy control subjects. Conclusion: Type 1 diabetes in the current studied subjects could be described as characterized by classically active complement system (abnormal C4 levels) which is induced by increased levels of IgG and IgM together with increased blood sugar levels (FBS, PP2BS and HbA1c) and decreased levels of C-peptide in serum.
Diabetes mellitus
immunological parameters
Egypt
2020
12
01
41
56
https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_102089_367658608cd550bf327520b3750c9a6c.pdf
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology
2090-0767
2090-0767
2020
12
2
Molecular Analysis For Salt Tolerance QTLs Emphasizing Saltol QTL in Some Egyptian and International Rice Genotypes (Oryza sativa L.)
Ebrahim
Ramadan
Mahrous
Negm
Mohamed
Abdelrahman
Rice (Oryza sativa, L.) is one of the strategic crops in Egypt, and the improvement of its productivity is an essential requirement to ensure food security. Salinity is one of the major environmental stresses that limit the productivity of rice crop. 14 SSR markers linked to salinity were used to study the genetic diversity within salinity tolerance QTLs in 18 rice genotypes. All the utilized primers were polymorphic, the number of alleles ranged from 2 to 6 with an average of 3.42 per locus. The major frequency alleles ranged from 0.33 to 0.78 for RM562 and RM412, respectively.The PIC values varied from 0.79 to 0.37 with an average of 0.50. Seven SSR markers i.e. RM562, RM493, RM1287, RM223, RM242, RM10720, and RM5 were informative markers with PIC values more than 50%. Jaccard's similarity coefficients ranged from 0.07 to 0.93 with an average of 0.45.The studied genotypes were grouped into two major clusters at 0.18 similarity. The PCA analysis had the ability to classify the studied genotypes into clearly four separate clusters based on the origin and salinity tolerance.13 haplotypes other than the reference haplotype were identified. The number of genotypes per haplotype ranged from one to five. The current investigation highlighted the high amount of genetic diversity among the studied genotypes. Egyptian Yasmine, the fragrant genotype, was the most promising genotype where it has 50% of Pokkali alleles at Saltol QTL region and this makes it suitable to be used as salt tolerance donor for MAS in salinity tolerance molecular breeding program.
Saltol
QTL
salinity
rice
Egyptian rice cultivars
2020
12
01
57
69
https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_108941_602496079320e3d84546d7c9709dafdd.pdf
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology
2090-0767
2090-0767
2020
12
2
Evaluation of the Heavy Metals Pb, Cd, and Fe in Muscles, Liver, and Skin of Mugil cephalus (Mugilidae) from Tubrukharbor, Eastern Libya
Yousef
Abdalhafid
Salma
Aboubakr
Mousa
Kateesh
Sayed
Ali
Heavy metal concentrations Lead Pb, Cadmium Cd, and Iron Fe) were determined in the muscles, liver, and skin of Mugil cephalus (Mugilidae) in Tobrukharbor, eastern Libya. The results revealed that the concentration of Pb reached high levels in the skin, while recorded low levels in the liver tissues. Pb level in the liver, skin, and muscle tissues of Mugil cephalus was more than the international standards. The high concentration of Fe recorded in the liver tissue, while, recorded its low concentration in the skin. Also, maximum levels of Cd were detected in the liver, while it attained their low level in the muscles. Generally, the level of Pb and Fe in muscle tissues of Mugil cephalus was more than the international standard and the level of Cd in muscle tissue of Mugil cephalus was lower than the general standard. On the other hand, heavy metals concentration levels in seawaterofTobrukharbor, eastern Libya, exhibited a high level for Fe then Pb comparing to the level of Cd. The relationship between size and weight of Mugil cephalus and the levels of each metal was studied
Ppollution
Mugilcephalus
heavymetals
Libya
2020
12
01
71
77
https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_110486_e8c458a02c0877af7368e2fd48680fd0.pdf
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology
2090-0767
2090-0767
2020
12
2
Purification and Characterization of Alpha Toxin Clostridium perfringens Type A
zahra
heshmati
Mohsen
Fathi Najafi
Gholam
Ronaghi
Clostridium perfringens is a toxin-producing anaerobe with the ability to cause multiple diseases in humans and animals. One of the toxins produced by all strains of this bacterium is an alpha toxin (phospholipase C). This study aimed to purify and characterize alpha-toxin. C. perfringens type A was grown in an optimized medium, the culture supernatant was separated, and ammonium sulfate precipitated protein was subjected to ion exchange and gel filtration chromatography methods. The purification steps were monitored by SDS-PAGE and hemolysin activity for each sample and performed by the hemolysin assay method. The purified alpha-toxin appeared in a single band in 43 KDa. The enzymatic efficiency yield was about 88% with a specific activity of 69170 and 654 fold of purification. According to the results, alpha-toxin is Zn and Mg metal-enzyme dependent on the temperature and pH optimum of 40 °C and 6, respectively. The enzyme Km and Vmax values of 3.8 mg/ml and 0.19 were calculated as the enzyme in the presence of lecithin. The partially purified alpha toxin with specific characters can be used for different applications such as antibody production and determination of the anti-toxin rate in animal serum.
Clostridium Perfringense
Alpha toxin
Chromatography
lecithinase
Characterization
2020
12
01
79
86
https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_115949_05f9c1cb12db21555aaeeda0ca9aafbb.pdf
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology
2090-0767
2090-0767
2020
12
2
Effect of Heavy Metals Levels In Follicular Fluid on ICSI Outcome
Mohamed
El Mohr
Mohamed
Faris
Sayed
Bakry
Heba
Hozyen
Fathy M.
Elshaer
Heavy metals and trace elements adversely affect animal health and the reproductive system and its functions through direct or indirect effects on numerous organs and systems. This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of heavy metals levels in follicular fluid on a patient undergoing Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI) outcomes namely Cadmium (Cd), Lead (Pb), and Arsenic (As). In comparison between the normal concentration level of Cd and the high concentration level of Cd the present study showed a significant difference in embryos quality (P=0.01611), while no statistically significant difference in pregnancy rate was observed. Although Pb showed a significant difference in embryos quality; grade I embryos in normal level concentration than high-level group (P=0.00021), and grade III embryos were significant in a high-level concentration of Pb than low-level group (P=0.0043). The present study concluded that a high level of heavy metal concentration in the follicular fluid has a harmful effect on the grading of embryos and these lead to a decrease in the chance to select the beast embryos before transferred (Cd and Pb).
Cadmium (Cd)
lead (Pb)
As (Arsenic)
Follicular fluid (FF)
Intra cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI)
Heavy metals
2020
12
01
87
95
https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_125100_db35cdbc6a7e2d0323a2079faeb225b5.pdf
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology
2090-0767
2090-0767
2020
12
2
Biochemical Virulence of Some Entomopathogenic Nematodes on Galleria mellonella Larvae (Lepidoptera: Galleridae)
Khater,
S.
El-lakwah,
F.
Abd-Elmonem,
M.
Ahmed,
A.
Shoukry,
F.
The present study aimed to verifies the effect of four strains of entomopathogenic nematodes, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (HP88), Steinernema carpocapsae (S.C), Steinernema scapterisci (S.S), Steinernema glaseri (S. g) against the last larval instar of the greater wax moth G. mellonella. The biochemical alterations due to nematodes infection were conducted after four exposure times 6, 12, 24 and 48hrs and by 20, 50 and 100 infective juveniles (IJs) concentrations. Results demonstrate that all treatments provoke dysfunction in carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes (amylase, Trehalase and Invertase) and α- and β- esterase enzymes. At 20 (IJs) all treatments cause a significant reduction in the activity of amylase, in contrary both S. scapterisi (S.S) and S.glaseri (S. g) caused a non-significant increase at 6h after treatments. Significant elevation in the activity of amylase enzyme after 6h recorded by 50 IJs. The maximum level was reported after treatment with H. bacteriophora (HP88) (510.50±3.33 µg glucose/g. b. wt.) with a change percentage of 47.24% compared to control. Meanwhile, H. bacteriophora (HP88) strain caused a significant reduction in the activity of the enzyme (235.70±2.58 and 175.60±6.53 µg glucose/g. b. wt.) with a percentage of change, -59.86% and -68.67% after 12 and 48h, respectively compared with control. Also, HP88 treatment exhibited inhibition in trehalase activity at 100 ( IJ) as well as, the measured values of the enzyme are (1431.08±3.33, 743.14±4.89 and 467.17±3.08 µg glucose/g. b. wt.) with inhibition percentage of -42.08, -41.00 and -52.50% after 6, 24 and 48hrs, respectively after treatments. The invertase enzyme activity showed a significant decrease at 20 (IJ) after 6 and 12 hrs and reversed action recoded, a significant increase after 24hrs with all strains as compared to control. At 50(IJ) The treatment with (S. g) caused an initial increase in α-esterase activity then, a significant decrease in the enzyme activity recorded and gave (270.10±1.85 and 234.00±2.21 μg β-naphthol /g. b. wt.) with percentages of -30.00 and -44.00 % after 24 and 48hrs, respectively of treatment compared with control. The treatment with (S.C) had a significant decrease in β esterase activity and reached (189.90±2.93μg β-naphthol /g. b. wt.) with percentage of -46.60% after 12hrs from treatment. On the contrary there was increase in β esterase enzyme recorded the highest values (442.20±2.25 and 523.40±2.61μg β-naphthol /g. b. wt.)), respectively after 24 and 48hrs of treatments.
Entomopathogenic nematodes
Heterorhabditis bacteriophora(HP88)
Steinernema carpocapsae (S.C)
Steinernema scapterisci (S.S)
Steinernema glaseri (S. g)
2020
12
01
97
109
https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_125099_09b6f500d97bf8dfc6bab98f01366859.pdf
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology
2090-0767
2090-0767
2020
12
2
Study for the DNA Profiling of Mixed Samples of Multiple Contributors and Suggested Procedures to Overcome Mixture Troubleshooting in Forensic Investigation
Sobhy
Hassab El-Nabi
Eman
Khater
Ahmed
Ahmed
Mohammed
Awwad
In modern forensic genetics, the analysis of DNA mixtures is a challenge because of the obstacles found in defining the number of contributors, especially when they exceed two. The goal of the present study was to find the most reliable method of detection for profiling the two-male and female-male mixtures obtained. Bloodstains, saliva, and body tissues from various crime scenes were obtained as samples. All samples for DNA profiling have been subjected to DNA extraction, amplification, separation, and detection. Results revealed that DNA profiling showed two-male and female-male mixtures. Results also showed the presence of a major and a minor male contributor in each genetic locus according to peak heights. Differential extraction provided a reliable method for separating female and male contributors from each other in the case of the female-male mixture. The profiling of the male donor in the female-male mixture was furtherly verified using the Y-STR profiling process. Eventually, we can infer that a good approach to identifying the two-male mixture is autosomal STR interpretation centered on major and minor differentiation. In addition, differential separation and Y-STR profiling proved to be the best processes for profiling mixed samples comprising female-male contributors as only the male profile was identified.
DNA mixture
STR interpretation
Y-STR
differential STR profiling
2020
12
01
111
124
https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_126951_6afc6349fb13eb5f3e83d2103be42e55.pdf
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology
2090-0767
2090-0767
2020
12
2
Effects of Diflubenzuron on Male Fertility in Domestic Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus)
ATI
SAMIA
kamel
khelili
Randa
djemil
Abdennour
cherif
The aim of the current investigation has been to evaluate the toxic effects of Diflubenzuron (DFB) insecticide on domestic rabbits. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the toxicity of DFB on some reproductive parameters in male Oryctolagus cuniculus rabbits. In animals (6 to 7 months and 1700 ± 170 g) the insecticide was used on three different doses:250,500,750 mg/kg. The insecticide was daily administrated for four weeks of experimental periods. Results showed the following effects as compared with the control group: a-decrease in reproductive indicators (concentration, motility, speed, and vitality of spermatozoa) and in serum testosterone concentration. Histological examination showed pathological alterations such as a remarkable reduction in spermatozoa concentration and cellular malformation within seminiferous tubules and epithelial cells especially in groups treated by the highest dose of Diflubenzuron, data demonstrated that DFB caused an effect on reproductive function in adult male rabbits.
Diflubenzuron
toxicity
Rabbit
Spermatozoa
testosterone
2020
12
01
125
132
https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_128673_3ac69b273c7d009e7471d3382191bf68.pdf
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology
2090-0767
2090-0767
2020
12
2
Disturbance of the Main Body Metabolites in Larvae and Pupae of Spodoptera littoralis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) by Certain Sesquiterpene Compounds
Hamadah,
Kh.
Ghoneim,
K.
Selim,
Sh.
Waheeb,
H.
The Egyptian cotton leafworm Spodoptera littoralis (Boisduval) is a dangerous pest of many field crops and vegetables in the world. The present study was conducted to investigate the disturbing effects of the sesquiterpene compounds, Farnesol, Nerolidol, and Bisabolol, on the main body metabolites in larvae and pupae of this insect. The newly moulted last (6th) instar larvae were treated with LC50 values of these compounds (33.67, 42.24 and 59.31 ppm, respectively) and the determination of the main metabolites was achieved in haemolymph and fat bodies of larvae and the homogenate of pupae. The most important results could be summarized as follows. The present study recorded predominant reducing effects of these compounds on the protein content in larvae and pupae with an exceptional enhancing effect of some compounds at certain ages of last instar larvae. Also, the lipid content in haemolymph and fat bodies of larvae as well as in the pupae was remarkably reduced. In addition, all compounds exhibited predominant reducing effects on the carbohydrate content in haemolymph and fat bodies of larvae and in the pupae, with two exceptions of increasing carbohydrate content in larval haemolymph (at 24 hr post-treatment) and in larval fat bodies by Nerolidol (at 72 hr post-treatment).
carbohydrate
fat bodies
Haemolymph
larva
Lipid
protein
pupa
2020
12
01
133
156
https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_128674_158934ea2f7d3dc8382933208b98b238.pdf
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology
2090-0767
2090-0767
2020
12
2
Association of CCND1 rs603965 Polymorphism with Breast Cancer Risk in North Indian Population
Naseem
Akhter
The potential association of G870A SNP (rs603965) of cyclin D1 gene (CCND1) with susceptibility to breast cancer in the north Indian population was investigated. The study included 230 subjects comprising 115 breast cancer cases and an even number of controls. PCR-RFLP employed for genotyping revealed that the females carrying AA genotype have 2.66- fold increased risk for development of breast cancer in the total cohort (OR 2.66, 95% CI 1.25– 5.67; P= 0.017) compared to GG genotype. Further, a significantly higher risk was also observed in premenopausal women (OR 3.35, 95% CI 1.22– 9.18; P= 0.0310). However, GG and GA genotype are not found associated significantly with breast cancer risk. The results suggest that CCND1 G870A polymorphism influences the genetic susceptibility to breast cancer. Larger studies conducted in diverse populations are needed to ascertain the contribution of these risk alleles to breast cancer risk.
CCND1
G/A 870 (rs603965)
breast cancer
Gene polymorphism
2020
12
01
157
167
https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_131306_e72fea2d9cd98e4bdefaa346c364092a.pdf
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology
2090-0767
2090-0767
2020
12
2
Incidence and Clinical Implications of Isolated Hepatitis B Core Antibody Serologic Profile Pattern Among Egyptian Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C
Ahmed
Khedr
Background: Hepatitis B viral infection is an oncogenic lethal infection, which is represented by different features. Those features are interpreted according to the coordination of different serological HBV markers. One of the most controversial features is the isolated HBc-Ab serologic profile pattern. In HBV/HCV co-infection, HCV can suppress HBV replication, thus HBV infection may decline. Isolated HBc-Ab serologic profile pattern represents a challenge in patients with chronic HCV, because it may represent a reservoir of latent HBV infection, which may be reactivated later. Objective: This study aims to investigate the incidence of the isolated HBc-Ab serologic profile pattern in samples of Egyptian patients chronically infected with HCV, and to demonstrate its clinical implications. Methods: The current study proceeded on blood samples of a total of 154 subjects (124 patients with chronic HCV infection and 30 controls). They were evaluated for liver function parameters and AFP as a tumour marker. The serum samples were tested serologically by ELISA for HBs-Ag, HBs-Ab, and HBc-Ab total. Real-time PCR was applied to measure HCV-RNA and HBV-DNA in samples of those patients. Upon interpretations of HBV infection, HCV- patients were divided into 5 groups from G1 to G5. Results: A significant increase (p = <0.001) in the incidence of HBc-Ab was detected in samples of HCV- patients (68/124, 54%) compared to controls (2/30, 6.66%). Likewise, a significant increase (p = 0.009) in the incidence of isolated HBc-Ab serologic profile pattern was detected in samples of HCV- patients (28/124, 22.58 %) compared to controls (0/30, 0%). Based on the comparison study, samples of HCV- patients with isolated HBc-Ab serologic profile pattern (G5) showed a significant decrease (p = 0.017) in albumin, and a significant increase (p = 0.032) in total bilirubin compared to samples of HCV-patients who resolved HBV infection (G2). Also, the former group of patients (G5) showed a non-significant change in any of the clinical biochemical parameters or AFP compared to the group of HCV- patients who were susceptible to HBV infection (G1)
Conclusion: Isolated HBc-Ab serologic profile is a pattern of HBV infection, which increases significantly in chronic HCV- patients. The increase in hypoalbuminemia and hyperbilirubinemia are the clinical implications associated with the presence of the isolated HBc-Ab serologic profile pattern in HCV-patients who cannot develop HBs-Ab compared to other HCV-patients who can develop HBs-Ab in the presence of HBc-Ab and resolve HBV infection.
Hepatitis C Virus (HCV)
Hepatitis B virus (HBV)
Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBs-Ag)
Hepatitis B surface antibody (HBs-Ab)
Hepatitis B core antibody (HBc-Ab)
Isolated HBc-Ab
2020
12
01
169
180
https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_133909_75d23e3dd16c54c5287a8e8af122c5f6.pdf
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology
2090-0767
2090-0767
2020
12
2
Associations Between Levels of Liver Enzymes and Circulating Antigens in Individuals Infected with Schistosomiasis Heamatobium
Ibrahim
Zahran
Samir
Zaahkouk
Ibrahim
Aly
Alaa
Samn
Sawsan
EL-Shamy
Current estimates of the prevalence of schistosomiasis depend on the use of well-established, but imperfect, diagnostic tests where specimens are processed by routine parasitological methods and parasitological cure is judged by inspection of a cohort of children before and after Praziqantel (PQZ) treatment. In this study, in order to evaluate the different immunodiagnostic antigen detection assays, the selection of a proper antigen and its purification followed by propagation of its specific antibodies and purification were mandatory. Measurement of Liver function and kidney function were performed and its relation to S. heamatobium infection in different age and sex individuals were studied. Serum samples from an infected human with S. haematobium gave a strong reaction against S. haematobium SWAP antigen and no cross-reacting. with other parasites. The produced anti-S. haematobium SWAP IgG-pAb diluted 1/250 in PBS/T buffer gave strong reactivity to S. haematobium SWAP. The highest percentages of S. haematobium infected patients were in the age group 21-30 years (25%) and the least percentages of patients were in the age group of 51-55 years (2.9%). Levels of ALT , AST and ALP in the serum of humans among schistosomiasis group recorded a highly significant increase compared to the healthy control group. In conclusion strong association between biochemical parameters and serum circulating antigens among schistosomiasis infection.
ELISA
liver enzymes
Schistosoma haematobium
Protein content
urea and creatinine
2020
12
01
181
192
https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_134903_15cce16cb8198c4931bb1e847161f35f.pdf
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology
2090-0767
2090-0767
2020
12
2
The relationship between INS/DEL of ACE Gene and the Risk of Incidence to Lymphoblastic Leukemia by GAP-PCR Technique in Iranian Population
Rasoul
nejad
Abolhasan
Rezaei
Alireza
Ladmakhi
Background: Angiotensin-converting enzyme gene (ACE; OMIM: 106180) is located on 17q23.3 chromosomal site with functional insertion/deletion polymorphism. The frequency of cases with DD genotype is higher than that of genotypes ID and II. In this study, the association between the gene and severe lymphoblastic leukemia was investigated. Materials and Methods: This case-control study was conducted on 50 patients with severe lymphoblastic leukemia. ACE I/D polymorphism was detected by the Gap-PCR technique. PCR products were isolated and measured by electrophoresis on 1% agarose gel. The Insertion (I) allele was observed in the band of 478 bps and the Deletion allele (D) in the 191 bps band. Results: It was estimated that the absence of ID genotype is related to the probability of developing severe lymphoblastic leukemia. In addition, DD and II genotypes had a p-value greater than 0.05 and the hypothesis of their association with brain invasion was rejected. Discussion and Conclusion: With respect to the results, it should be noted that these findings are the first report of the association between ACE I/D polymorphism and severe leukemia lymphoblastic. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Angiotensin-converting enzyme
ACE I/D polymorphism
severe leukemia lymphoblastic
Gap-PCR
2020
12
01
193
199
https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_134933_6ba1e19d88ad107ed6ead0587e8d29b4.pdf
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology
2090-0767
2090-0767
2020
12
2
Sequence Analysis and Variations in the 5’ UTR genomic regions of Coronaviruses
Mohammed
EL-Mahdi
The 5’UTR genomic regions of coronaviruses were analysed regarding sequence variations, nucleotide constituents, and patterns of evolutionary course. The 5ʹ UTR of the viral genome highly conserved that appeared clearly between the closely related viruses. It possessed variable sites of varied nucleotides. The 5’UTRs revealed long highly conserved regions (nt61 to nt107, nt211- nt236, nt262 to nt277). The longest one (nt61 to nt107) possessed nearly half of the core leader sequence (nt 61 to nt93) confirming its existence in viral genomes. The nucleotides composition exhibited favouritism towards AT(U) contents against GC contents which potentially is necessary for viral origin and replication activity. The length of 5′ UTR varies in studied cronaviruses, ranging from 245 bp (SARS coronavirus BJ01, AY278488.2) to 283 bp (hCoV-19_Chile, gaisd-EPI_ISL_445295). Additionally, the 5’ UTR region of Chile, EPI_ISL_445295 isolate included a foremost 18 nucleotides, these are not found in other isolates. Phylogenetic analysis of 5’ UTR regions using the maximum likelihood method confirmed the close evolutionary distance and origin of betacronoviruses analysed. The most genetic closely isolates to the SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan-Hu-1 is the Bat coronavirus RaTG13. The SARS coronaviruses BJ01 and GD01 displayed the most distant betacronoviruses to SARS-CoV-2 that confirm their early arisen lineage. Finally, phylogenetic clustering in 5’ UTR regions for studied betacronoviruses revealed the genetic diversity of betacronoviruses and their high tendency towards frequent genetic mutations and gene recombination. This potentially leads to increased risk of interspecies transmission with viral evolution and accumulation of mutations.
Orthocoronavirinae
Coronaviruses
SARS CoV-2
5’ UTR regions
molecular sequence variations
2020
12
01
201
211
https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_138338_acffc400886e72391f6e6871543eea41.pdf
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology
2090-0767
2090-0767
2020
12
2
Antioxidant Effect of Sepia pharaonis Ink Extract and Ellagic Acid on Oxidative Stress Induced by Cyclophosphamide in male Albino Rats
Naglaa,
Kasem
Dalia
Hamza
Objective(s): Present investigations aimed to compare the anticancer and antioxidant activities of Sepia pharaonis ink extract (SIE) and Ellagic acid (EA) to cyclophosphamide (CP). Materials and Methods: Male Wistar Albino rats were grouped into five groups, each with ten rats. Control group (Group I) received (2 ml/kg 0.9% NaCl b.w. i.p.). Group II served as CP group was received (200 mg/kg CP b.w. i.p.). Rats of groups III, IV and V received (200 mg/kg CP b.w. i.p.) and treated with SIE (200 mg/kg b.w.), EA (60 mg/kg) and SIE (200 mg/kg b.w.) + EA (60 mg/kg), respectively. GSH, CAT, SOD, NO, and MDA levels were measured in all groups' liver and renal tissues. Histopathological examinations of the liver and kidney were performed. Results: In the liver and renal tissue homogenate of CP-treated animals, there was a highly significant reduction in GSH, CAT, and SOD, as well as a striking elevation of MDA and NO. In all treated animals with SIE, EA, and SIE+EA, however, there was a substantial decrease in liver and renal MDA and NO levels with a moderate increase in GSH, CAT, and SOD activities. After CP treatment, liver and kidney tissues showed extensive necrosis, but CP+ SIE+ EA treatment revealed regeneration of some hepatocytes and kidney cells. Conclusion: SIE and EA were both successful in reducing oxidative stress caused by CP. The effect and antitumor properties of SIE and EA as antioxidants were supported by histopathological examination in this study.
cyclophosphamide
Sepia ink extract
Ellagic acid
Antioxidant activities
Oxidative Stress
histopathology
2020
12
01
213
227
https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_158973_fa003a50319b0d42cfb10e4b502f76b3.pdf
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology
2090-0767
2090-0767
2020
12
2
Molecular Phylogenetic Correlation Among Cichlid Fishes (Teleostei: Cichlidae) Based on 18S rRNA Gene Sequencing Analysis
Mona
Azab
Sherifa
Ahmed
Hayam
El-Shaarawy
Naglaa
Kasem
Dalia
Hamza
Cichlid fish phylogeny is presented for the most taxonomical approaches. In this study, the phylogeny of cichlid fish correlation was carried out by various analysis based on 18S rRNA gene sequences from GenBank database for 31 species belonging to 13 genera of Cichlid fish (Teleostei: Cichlidae). The alignment of 18S rRNA gene sequences as well as the neighbour-joining tree, distance matrix and phylogenetic tree obtained by using bioinformatics programs. Alignment of 18S rRNA gene sequences, distance matrix and phylogenetic tree results revealed that the majority of species within the same genus were closely related to each other (monophylogenetic) while, some species were polyphylogenetic within the genus showing a close relationship with other genera species. On the other hand, a neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree without a distance correction among cichlid species revealed a variation in phylogenetic relationship between species where most species within the same genus were polyphylogenetic to each other and monophylogenetic to other genera species.
Cichlide
Phylogeny
18S rRNA gene sequences
GenBank database
sequencing Alignment
2020
12
01
229
239
https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_159710_862264acec73d65ee5e3f591cdb355e5.pdf
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology
2090-0767
2090-0767
2020
12
2
The Monitoring and Molecular Identification of the Mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on Okra Plants at Sharkia Governorate
Nabil,
A.
I.
Ismail
M.
Elashtokhy
M.
Hegab
Mealybugs (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) are small piercing–sucking insects that infesting a wide range of crops and vegetables and their species are similar, which makes it difficult for non-specialists to distinguish between them. Samples were collected of infested okra plants from five districts at Sharkia Governorate, Egypt. This study aimed to study the distribution of the cotton mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley and its associated parasitoid as well as the identification of this species by molecular characterization due to the high degree of morphological similarity between different closely related species of mealybugs. It was found that the Parasitism has a big influence on the occurrence of this insect infestation and this species of mealybug was confirmed by amplified and sequenced DNA loci known to be informative for species identification by provides information of 28S ribosomal RNA gene sequence. Consequently, the success of IPM programs against mealybugs depends on the correct definition of this pest through genetic characterization to choose the best control strategies. On the other hand, the difficulty of correctly identifying these species leads to its difficulty in choosing appropriate methods of control, especially biological control where each pest has a specific species of its natural enemy, which controls it biologically.
Phenacoccus solenopsis
Molecular characterization
occurrence
okra
Sharkia governorate
2020
12
01
241
248
https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_163663_95ef8a68d096eb50b9875b885544ceeb.pdf