Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology
2090-0767
2090-083X
11
3
2019
12
01
Propolis Extract Attenuates Sepsis-Induced Hepatotoxicity and Neurotoxicity in Male Rats
1
19
EN
Abdelmoneim
Ahmed
Esmat
Entomology & Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University
Sahar
Mohamed
Mahmoud
Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University
sahar_nyas@yahoo.com
Abd-Elrazek
Areeg
Mohamed
Department of Physiology, National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR)
El-Sisi
Suzan
Fahmy
Department of Physiology, National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR)
Mohammed
Inas
Salah
Department of Physiology, National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR)
El-Yamany
Nabil
Ahmed
Entomology & Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University
10.21608/eajbsc.2019.44505
Inflammation is an important biological event in host defenses against bacterial or viral infections. However, excessive inflammatory responses by aberrantly activated macrophages, producing excess amounts of inflammatory mediators, which disrupt immune homeostasis and result in immunopathological conditions such as sepsis. Sepsis was recognized as a systemic inflammatory response syndrome after serious infections, most commonly with bacteria, which have a high mortality rate. Propolis (Prop) could be used as adjuvant therapy in the management of sepsis. The present study aimed to investigate the protective effect of Prop against sepsis-induced in rats. Evaluation of complete blood count,
activity of liver function enzymes in serum; alanine and aspartate aminotransferases were recorded. Oxidant/antioxidant markers in liver tissue namely; malonaldehyde, nitrites/nitrates, glutathione disulfide, glutathione levels, catalase and superoxide dismutase activities. Also, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and prostaglandin E-2 levels in both serum and liver tissue were estimated. <span style="text-decoration: line-through;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"> </span></span> Furthermore, interleukin-8, cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase genes expression were determined. Histopathological examination of liver tissue was investigated. Brain neurotransmitters; Dopamine, Norepinephrine and 5-hydroxytryptamine were also determined against sepsis-induced inflammation. The present study indicated that Prop could be an efficient protector that resets sepsis-induced severe oxidative stress, inflammation and improve the immune response of the liver as well as septic neurotoxic problems.
Sepsis,Propolis,Oxidative Stress,Inflammation, Monoamines
https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_44505.html
https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_44505_a55cdbcd92addb9ccf863e3feece5d2e.pdf
Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology
2090-0767
2090-083X
11
3
2019
12
01
The Educational Environment in a New Medical School Compared With an Old International School
21
30
EN
Awdah
M
Al-Hazimi
Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Sasikumar
Dhanarasu
Department of Biochemistry,College of Medicine, University of Hail,P.O.Box: 2440, Hail, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
drdskumar31@yahoo.com
Nuha
Abdel Rahman Khalil
Mohammed
Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Hail, Hail, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Afnan
Awdah Masoud
Alhazimi
College of Medicine, University of Hail, Hail, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
phsaaa7@hotmail.com
Ghaida
Mohammed Suliman
Alahmadi
College of Medicine, University of Hail, Hail, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Taif
Farhan Mansi
Alruwaili
College of Medicine, University of Hail, Hail, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
10.21608/eajbsc.2019.45826
<strong>Background:</strong> The Dundee Ready Educational Environment Measure (DREEM) is used to measure the medical educational environment. This study aimed to assess students' perceptions of the educational environment in Medical College, University of Hail using the DREEM. The hypothesis was that both strengths and weaknesses would be identified.<br /> <strong>Methods: </strong>The DREEM was administered to students in all year's levels of the medical school, University of Hail. The data were collected and compared with Dundee University medical school.<br /> <strong>Result: </strong>A total of 150 (66.70%) completely responded to the 50 statements. They were 72.3% male and 61.1% female students. The overall mean score of this study was 110.79 which indicates that students in medical school had positive perceptions toward their educational environment.<br /> <strong>Conclusion: </strong>The DREEM is a valuable tool to assess the educational environment for newly developed medical school compared with well-developed health institutions to give a clear indication of the priorities for reform of the curriculum.<br /> The students in medical school, University of Hail had positive perceptions toward their educational environment. At the same time improvement is required across all domains of the educational environment at this institution especially in the subscales of Students’ academic self-perception and Students’ social self-perception.
Dundee Ready Educational Environment Measure,DREEM,Educational Environment,Questionnaire,students' perception
https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_45826.html
https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_45826_82e85cc05b93fa2d7b7b4c354c4b4e74.pdf
Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology
2090-0767
2090-083X
11
3
2019
12
01
A Homozygous Missense Variant in the APOB gene in Patients from Hypercholesterolemia Families
31
37
EN
Samia
Mز
Ahmed
Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, AL Madinah, Saudi Arabia
smmohammed@taibahu.edu.sa
Ahmed
Mز
Ahmed
Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, AL Madinah, Saudi Arabia
Alia
Mز
Albalawi
Center for Genetics and Inherited Diseases, Taibah University Almadinah, Saudi Arabia
Zainab
Alharby
College of Medicine, Taibah University Almadinah, Saudi Arabia
Essa
Alharby
Center for Genetics and Inherited Diseases, Taibah University Almadinah, Saudi Arabia
Ahmed
Sز
Makki
Future Lab Medical Laboratories, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
Housham
Bز
Mahmoud
Future Lab Medical Laboratories, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
Sulman
Basit
Center for Genetics and Inherited Diseases, Taibah University Almadinah, Saudi Arabia
10.21608/eajbsc.2019.47020
Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is an autosomal codominant, life-threatening inherited condition. FH is characterized by an increased blood level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Patients with FH are at serious risk of developing premature atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Association of FH with genetic variants in three genes (<em>APOB, LDLR,</em> and<em> PCSK9</em>) is well established, however, the data related to mutation spectrum and prevalence of FH in Saudi population is largely missing. Here, we studied two Saudi families segregating FH in an autosomal dominant manner. All exons and intro-exons junctions of three candidate genes (<em>APOB, LDLR, </em>and<em> PCSK9</em>) were sequenced using Sanger approach. Data analysis identified variants in exon 14 (c.1853C>T; p.Ala618Val) and exon 29 (c.13013G>A; p.Ser4338Asn) of the APOB gene in both families. Both variants perfectly segregating with FH phenotype in families. The variant (c.13013G>A) is located in the well-established active site of apolipoprotein B, thus, it might influence the enzyme activity. In conclusion, we found homozygosity for variant in APOB in families segregating FH. This study expanded the mutational spectrum of APOB in FH. In addition, the present study provided additional evidence that supports the important involvement of apolipoprotein B dysregulation in Saudi FH patients.
Hypercholesterolemia,APOB,Saudi families,Mutation,Homozygous variant,Exon 7
https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_47020.html
https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_47020_6765e5090cb9b41a3d57259bfd52e0c3.pdf
Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology
2090-0767
2090-083X
11
3
2019
12
01
The Efficacy and Safety of Using ω−3 fatty acids to reduce the Incidence of Breast Cancer
39
51
EN
Eshrag
Saleh
Baothman
Laboratory Medicine, MSc, RMIT University
esh.b@hotmail.com
Abdullah
M
Elagali
Department of Histopathology and Cytology Sciences, PHD, Ribat University, Khartoum
10.21608/eajbsc.2019.48004
<strong>Background:</strong> ω−3 fatty acids are essential fatty acids through our bodies cannot make them. The main source of ω−3 fatty acidsis fish especially Tuna, Salmon and Halibut species. Omega -3 fatty acids also play a vital role in brain function. It is very important to have the right ratios of ω−3 fatty acids in the diet. This study has established that consumed in the right quantities fish oil supplements containing high levels of Omega-3 fats mainly DHA and EPA had a 30 percent reduced risk of developing breast cancer. The project aims is to investigate and seek from many of the numerous studies that have linked Omega-3 supplementation with a decreased risk of invasive ductal breast cancer.<br /> <strong>Methodology:</strong> The data in this study was collected via University Library as an electronic database by accessing another database such as Web of Science, ProQuest, PubMed, Medline, and Science Direct databases.<br /> <strong> Results: </strong>The result part is composed of an analysis of five different<br /> studies conducted on the influences of fatty acids on breast cancer.<br /> <strong> Conclusion </strong>of this studythe ω−3 fatty acids does fight against breast cancer especially among women who have been diagnosed with the disease. Omega-3 fatty acids can shrink the breast cancer cells preventing metastasizing
omega-3,fatty acids,fish oil,DHA,EPA and breast cancer
https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_48004.html
https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_48004_1e5bfd2dd95fcd488dd86651b35e8079.pdf
Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology
2090-0767
2090-083X
11
3
2019
12
01
Effect of Carrot Juice on Some Blood Parameters in CCl4 intoxicated rabbits
53
59
EN
Intisar.
H.
Abdullah
Zoology department, faculty of science, Sirte University –Libya
intisar.ahmad@yahoo.com
10.21608/eajbsc.2019.53474
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the beneficial effects of <em>Daucus carota</em> root juice on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) intoxicated rabbits. In this study, fifteen rabbits divided into 3 groups... The first group (G1) served as the control, the second group (G2) was treated with CCl4 , and a third group (G3) was treated with CCl4 +extract of <em>Dacus Carota</em> roots .<br /> Carbon tetrachloride alone caused a non-significant (P<0.05) increase in WBCs, RBCs, Hb and HCT compared with G1. and non-significant decrease in PLT was observed in CCl4 treated group compared with G1. Administration of <em>Daucus carota</em> roots juice to CCl4 G3 shown a significant (P<0.05) increase in the HCT, WBCs, PLT and non- significant change in RBCs and Hb.
Daucus carota,carrot juice,Carbon tetrachloride,Rabbits,blood parameters
https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_53474.html
https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_53474_5d6fbbec16fc8c11a4a5688626bc5202.pdf
Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology
2090-0767
2090-083X
11
3
2019
12
01
Flavonoids crataegus oxyacantha Bioassay in Vitro (35%ethanol 65% water) with Plant Bionanosensor
61
67
EN
Faramarz
Moradi
Department of Agriculture, Sanandaj branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj,Iran
moradifff@gmail.com
10.21608/eajbsc.2019.56461
Hawthorn extract has a significant amount of flavonoid and is of high importance due to the antioxidant property. Bioassay is a biological testing procedure for estimating the concentration of a substance. There are various methods for measuring antioxidant biological compounds. Qualitative and quantitative techniques of polyphenols measurement include chromatography, HPLC and GC-MS. These techniques are expensive and time-consuming so the development of biosensors can overcome these limitations. In order to prevent damage by free radicals, the body has a defense system of antioxidants. Plant bionanosensor is a certain type and novel approach of biosensors that has been fabricated by this author for the first time. The study was used to determine two types of flavonoids concentrations in vitro (35%ethanol 65% water) in hawthorn extract through rotation with three replications by sas9.1 software. The different levels of flavonoid rotation are significant with a probability of 99%. So far, no report was made about such a plant bionanosensor at international level from other researchers
Plant bionanosensor,bioassay in vitro,Flavonoids crataegus oxyacantha
https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_56461.html
https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_56461_0ce5efd99ffaf2d556651a352533068f.pdf
Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology
2090-0767
2090-083X
11
3
2019
12
01
Isolation and Identification of Some Genes for Drought Tolerance in Suaeda Sp Plant
69
76
EN
Rasha.
M. A.
Khalil
Plant Genetic resources Dept. Desert Research center. Matariya, Cairo, Egypt
rashanew2005@yahoo.com
El-Shaimaa.
S.
EL-Demerdash
Plant Genetic resources Dept. Desert Research center. Matariya, Cairo, Egypt
10.21608/eajbsc.2019.61509
In the present study, two species of the drought-tolerant genus Suaeda (<em>Suaeda vera </em>and <em>Suaeda pruinosa</em>) were investigated for detection of some genes responsible for drought resistance. Three genes (P5CS, BADH, and DREB) were chosen and detected using specific primers producing bands of different sizes 1500bp, 700bp and 430bp, respectively. The obtained fragments of the three genes were Sequenced, and phylogenetic tree constructed. The results revealed the efficiency of BADH to clarify the closest relatedness of Suaeda species with other species on National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database. In addition, one can conclude that BADH gene may be included in drought resistance mechanism of Suaeda species. This study can be used in the future for breeding and crop improvement programs..
Suaeda vera,Suaeda pruinosa,P5CS,BADH and DREB gene,phylogenetic tree
https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_61509.html
https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_61509_64a79274fb8935deca01df0e9c0e95a5.pdf
Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology
2090-0767
2090-083X
11
3
2019
12
01
Biochemical Characterization of Some Digestive Enzymes in the Midgut of Eristalis megacephala (Diptera: Syrphidae)
77
95
EN
Nancy
Taha
Mohamed
Zoology & Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University.
11795 - Helwan, Cairo (Egypt).
nancyt0000@yahoo.com
Mohamed
Salah
Mohamed
Zoology & Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University.
11795 - Helwan, Cairo (Egypt).
Ahmed
S.
El-Ebiarie
Zoology & Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University.
11795 - Helwan, Cairo (Egypt).
Nourhan
Gamal
Zoology & Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University.
11795 - Helwan, Cairo (Egypt).
10.21608/eajbsc.2019.63539
The results revealed the activity of some digestive enzymes in the anterior, middle, posterior portions of midgut of third instar larvae of <em>Eristalis megacephala</em> and it showed that the highest pH of trypsin was at pH 6 in anterior mid-gut, middle mid-gut, and posterior mid-gut. The highest pH of chymotrypsin in anterior mid-gut was at pH 7, in the middle mid-gut it was nearly similar at all chosen pH values but slightly higher at pH 7 ,while the chymotrypsin activity in the posterior mid-gut of the larval stage of <em>Eristalis megacephala </em>was highest at pH 8.The highest activity of leucine – aminopeptidase was at pH 9 in anterior mid-gut, at pH 6 in middle mid-gut and at pH 7 in posterior mid-gut. The highest pH of carboxypeptidase A in the anterior mid-gut was at pH 6, in the middle mid-gut was at pH 7, while at pH 6 in the posterior mid-gut. The highest pH activity of carboxypeptidase B was 9 in anterior, middle and posterior mid-guts.<br /> Some glucosidases were studied and it showed that the highest pH of α- glucosidase was at pH 5.6 in anterior, middle and posterior mid-gut .The highest pH of β- glucosidase was at pH 6 in anterior, middle and posterior mid-gut. The highest pH of α- galactosidase was highest at pH 6 in anterior mid-gut and in the middle and posterior mid-gut at pH 5.6 .The highest pH of β- galactosidase was highest at pH 6 in anterior, middle and posterior mid-guts .The highest pH of α – amylase is at pH 3.6 in anterior mid-gut, pH 6 in middle mid-gut and pH 5.6 in posterior mid-gut. The present study also revealed that the activity of acid – phosphatase was high in anterior mid-gut that middle and posterior mid-gut while the activity of alkaline phosphatase was nearly similar in anterior, middle and posterior mid-gut but slightly higher in anterior mid-gut of larval stage of <em>Eristalis megacephala</em>.
Eristalis megacephala,Diptera,Proteases,glucosidases,acid,alkaline phosphatase
https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_63539.html
https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_63539_14ebb5eeee84ab6e7c9c12d6aada3ae2.pdf
Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology
2090-0767
2090-083X
11
3
2019
12
01
Physiological Responses Influenced by Certain Heavy Metals at the Mullet Fish, Mugil cephalus Inhabiting Mediterranean Sea Coast at Damietta Governorate, Egypt.
97
108
EN
Mohamed
Hamed
Ghanem
Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University
ghanemhamed@yahoo.com
10.21608/eajbsc.2019.63940
The present study aims to determine the concentrations of some heavy metals in the target organs of mullet fish, <em>Mugil cephalus</em> collected from the Coast of Mediterranean Sea, at Damietta Governorate, to compare concentrations of metals in the different organs and their effects on some physiological parameters in the edible organs of this species during winter and summer, 2018.<br /> The present data indicated that the highest values of heavy metals in the different organs were observed during the hot season (summer) than the cold one (winter). It declared the highest value in the gonads for Iron concentration during summer and the lowest one was detected for Cadmium concentration during winter (38.74±4.60 and 1.46±0.33 µg/g wet wt, respectively). Kidneys appeared the same trend with high peak for Iron level followed by Zinc ions during summer; being 153.70±6.24 and 73.34±5.24 µg/g wet wt, respectively. It showed a depletion concentration (1.12±0.17 µg/g wet wt) during winter in Copper ion than the other metals. Due to its function, liver contains the high levels of heavy metals during summer (106.70 ± 16.73 µg/g wet wt) for Iron ion and the lowest values (1.84±0.30 and 1.86±0.37µg/g wet wt, respectively) were measured for cadmium and lead during winter. Data revealed that heavy metals concentration in the musclesof <em>M. cephalus</em> fluctuated between 1.35± 0.73 µg/g wet wt for Copper ion during winter and 51.37± 1.34 µg/g wet wt for Iron during summer. ANOVA (p> 0.05) showed highly significant differences in one way of heavy metals concentrations except between the different organs showed significant difference. Moreover, two ways of analysis exhibited a significant difference (p>0.05) at the interaction between seasons and metals plus between organs and metals.<br /> The present study revealed that total proteins in the different organs of <em>M. cephalus</em> attained its highest value in the muscles during winter and reached its lowest value in the kidney during summer (201.76±13.90 and 84.25 ±4.46 mg/g wet wt, respectively). The maximum values of total lipids were detected in the samples collected during winter (33.28±6.82 mg/g wet wt in the muscles and 31.41±3.43 mg/g wet wt in the liver) while the minimum values were determined during summer in gonads and kidneys; being 12.66±3.83 mg/g wet wt in the former and 13.78±2.64 mg/g wet wt in the latter.<br /> Results exhibited the higher activities in ASAT and ALAT enzymes during summer in the liver while the lower values occurred in the muscles during winter; being 504.46±9.87 and 296.14±24.75 U/g wet wt, respectively for the first enzyme and 363.25±19.73 and 204.62±16.76 U/g wet wt, respectively for the second one.<br /> Concerning analysis of variance for biochemical parameters, there are highly significant differences between the different seasons and parameters of one way. Also, two ways of ANOVA exhibited a significant difference in the interaction between seasons and different parameters.
Heavy metals,biochemical parameters,Mugil cephalus
https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_63940.html
https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_63940_ce2de99a2e30f37547cfcb57178846f6.pdf
Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology
2090-0767
2090-083X
11
3
2019
12
01
Usage of Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) Marker in Assessing the Genetic Variation of Six Parrotfish Species from the Egyptian Red Sea
109
116
EN
Zeinab
Mar'ie
1- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Egypt
2- Science Departments, Faculty of Education, Hurghada , South Valley University, Egypt
Mohammad
Allam
Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Egypt
mohammad_allam10@sci.svu.edu.eg
10.21608/eajbsc.2019.63943
The report compared six parrotfish species (<em>Scarus ferrugineus, Scarus psittacus, Scarus frenatus, Chlorurus sordidus, scarus genazotus and Cetoscarus bicolor</em>) for molecular diversity and phylogenetic using eleven ISSR primers, the obtained results showed a total of 235 DNA fragments; 11 were common bands, 65 were specific bands and 159 were polymorphic bands. Additionally, the results indicated the largest similarity degree 58 between (<em>Chlorurus sordidus</em> and <em>scarus genazotus</em>), while the lowest similarity degree 35 was found between (<em>Scarus frenatus </em>and<em> Chlorurus sordidus</em>). The results that occurred from ISSR analysis found to be more reliable for differentiating species of fishes particularly parrotfish.
DNA,Genetic diversity,ISSR,Parrotfish,and PCR
https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_63943.html
https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_63943_a339609a584877c494d8aa130d9d9338.pdf
Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology
2090-0767
2090-083X
11
3
2019
12
01
DNA Damage in Ehrlich Carcinoma induced by Gold Nanorods Mediated Photothermal Therapy
117
126
EN
Noha
Mohamed
Biophysics Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, 12613 Giza, Egypt
nmsayed@sci.cu.edu.eg
Fatma Al-zahraa
Sayed
Biophysics Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, 12613 Giza, Egypt
scientist.zahraa@gmail.com
Ahmed
S.
Monem
Biophysics Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, 12613 Giza, Egypt
asoltanh@sci.cu.edu.eg
Monira
M.
Rageh
Biophysics Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, 12613 Giza, Egypt
mrageh@sci.cu.edu.eg
10.21608/eajbsc.2019.65047
Gold nanorods (AuNRs) are promising nanoplatforms for cancer photothermal therapy due to their capability to absorb light in the near-infrared (NIR) window. This work was conducted to evaluate the DNA damage in Ehrlich tumor tissues associated with photothermal therapy mediated with very small sized pegylated gold nanorods (PEG-AuNRs). The accumulated gold nanorods inside tumor tissues were photo-excited with 300 mW NIR laser for 50 min. The physical properties of PEG-AuNRs were investigated using transmission electron microscopy, size distribution measurement, and UV-vis absorption spectroscopy. The efficacy of the in-vivo photothermal therapy of intravenously injected PEG-AuNRs was assessed using tumor size measurements. Also, oxidative stress and comet assay were performed to measure the percentage of DNA damage. The results showed that PEG-AuNRs were successfully prepared with a length of 8 nm and a longitudinal absorption peak at 800 nm. FTIR study confirmed the successful coating of polyethylene glycol on the surface of the gold nanorods. The in vivo experiment showed that PEG-AuNRs elicited tumoral growth arrest by producing free radicals in addition to its photo heat conversion which was sufficient to induce cellular damage by causing DNA damage
Photothermal therapy,Cancer,DNA damage,very small Gold nanorods
https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_65047.html
https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_65047_0814a060624d0f5aa0492a300e049f48.pdf
Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology
2090-0767
2090-083X
11
3
2019
12
01
Sequence Variations and Molecular Phylogeny of some Red Sea Parrotfishes (Scaridae) Using Mitochondrial Gene Sequences
127
138
EN
Mohammed
Bassyouni M.
EL-Mahdi
Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Molecular Biology, Zoology Department
Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
melmahdi@svu.edu.eg
10.21608/eajbsc.2019.67044
Targeted DNA fragments were isolated from four scarids species; <em>Scarus collana</em> Rüppell 1835; <em>Scarus frenatus</em> Lacepède 1802; <em>Scarus (Chlorurus) sordidus</em> Forsskål 1775 and <em>Scarus niger</em> Forsskål 1775 using mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene-specific primers.<br /> Analysis of obtained partial 16S rRNA gene nucleotide sequences showed a high level of nucleotide identity in the studied regions. This reflects a close genetic relationship and shared ancestry among studied parrotfishes. Nucleotide compositions of partial 16S rRNA gene nucleotide sequence biased towards adenine and similar preference towards thymine, cytocine, and guanine. Also, base constitutions revealed preference towards higher DNA conservations.<br /> Phylogenetic analysis displayed patterns of assembly for studied species, and other included related taxa, which reflect their similar genetic makeup and their tendency to have similar niches. The phylogenetic trees revealed two evolutionary lineages splitting Scaridae and Wrasses which assumed that Scaridae should maintain the family status.<br /> Obtained data could be beneficial for parootfishes classification, conservation, and their needed environments. Therefore, the acquisition of nucleotide sequences from other parrotfishes using the developed mt16S rRNA gene-specific primers utilized here would contribute in the future to the phylogenetic
Parrotfishes,mt16S rRNA gene,molecular phylogeny,reef fishes,Red Sea
https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_67044.html
https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_67044_c91b828370439b7fd876b9337ceb8205.pdf
Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology
2090-0767
2090-083X
11
3
2019
12
01
Sequencing and Phylogenetic Analysis of the Salmonella Enterotoxin (stn) Gene of Salmonella spp. Isolated from Egyptian Broiler Breeder Chickens Farms
139
147
EN
Mona
S.
Azab
1-Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Jouf University, Skaka, KSA.
2-Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Egypt
mona_azab2001@yahoo.com
Mohamed
E. M.
Zowail
Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Egypt
Nassif
S.
A.
Central Laboratory for Evaluation of Veterinary Biologics, Abbasia, Cairo, Egypt
Ghada
M.
Elsadek
Central Laboratory for Evaluation of Veterinary Biologics, Abbasia, Cairo, Egypt
Safwa
Z.
Mohamed
Central Laboratory for Evaluation of Veterinary Biologics, Abbasia, Cairo, Egypt
10.21608/eajbsc.2019.70775
<em>Salmonella</em> is a member of <em>Enterobacteriaceae</em> family that found to be pathogenic to domestic and wild animals and humans. <em>Salmonellae</em> were isolated from three distinct governorates, Giza, Monofia and Qaluobia from broiler breeder chicken farms. Molecular characterization of the <em>Salmonella</em> isolates using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay as well as Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of PCR products were conducted to distinguish the collected <em>Salmonellae</em> species.<br /> The nucleotide sequence of 617 bp PCR products representing the amplified fragment of <em>stn</em> gene of seven isolates of <em>Salmonella</em> <em>enteritidis</em> has been sequenced. Furthermore, the nucleotide sequence was submitted to the gene bank. The obtained sequences were blasted with the highly similar sequences and the multiple sequence alignments were conducted. Neighbor-joining tree was constructed for the Egyptian <em>Salmonella </em>isolates against 30 <em>Salmonella</em> spp. from the Gene bank database representing maximum similarity with <em>stn</em> gene when subjected to multiple sequence alignment, and the phylogenetic tree was constructed based on the comparative analysis of related sequences at the nucleotide level.
Salmonella,PCR,stn gene,Sequencing
https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_70775.html
https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_70775_4072b88e1644474e9cceed6ca8251e02.pdf
Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology
2090-0767
2090-083X
11
3
2019
12
01
Ameliorative Effects of Annona muricata (Graviola) and Fullerene C60 Against Toxicity Induced by Carboplatin in Male Albino Rats
149
168
EN
Naglaa,
R. A.
Kasem
1-Biology Department, College of Science, Jouf University, Skaka 2014, Saudi Arabia
2-Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt
nrhares@ju.edu.com
10.21608/eajbsc.2019.71752
This study was designed to demonstrate the ameliorating effects <em>Annona muricata </em>(Graviola)plant extract and fullerene C<sub>60</sub> on hematological and biochemical disorder alteration induced by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of carboplatin (CRP) on male rats. Five groups of adult male rats we established (n=10). Group1: animals were administered normal saline i.p. (10 ml/kg b.wt) for 40 days and served as a normal group. Group 2: rats were injected i.p. with a single dose of CRP (80 mg/kg b.wt), then received a saline solution for the remaining 40 days and served as a control group. Group 3: animals were oral administration of <em>Annona muricata </em>leaves extract at a dose of 200 mg/kg/day for 40 consecutive days after 24 hours of i.p. injected with a single dose of CRP (80 mg/kg b.wt.). Group 4: animals weretreated orally by fullerene C<sub>60</sub> (4 mg/ kg b.wt.) daily for 40 daysafter 24 hours of i.p. injected a single dose of CRP (80 mg/kg b.wt.). Group 5: each rat in this group was daily oral administration of <em>Annona muricata </em>leaves extract at a dose of (200 mg/kg b.wt.<strong>)</strong>+ fullerene C<sub>60</sub> (4 mg/ kg b. wt.) for 40 days after 24 hours of injected a single dose of CRP. Results obtained revealed that CRP administration in the control group (gp. 2) significantly reduced the levels of red blood cells (RBCs), haemoglobin (Hb), blood Platelets (PLTs) and PCV value, with a marked reduction in white blood cells (WBCs). Additionally, there is an elevation in serum ALT, AST, ALP, total bilirubin, creatinine and urea associated with a reduction in albumin, total protein, and uric acid. In addition, hepatic and renal thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels were significantly increased by CRP administration while levels of endogenous antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and reduced glutathione (GSH) were reduced. This study confirmed the risk of increased oxidative stress, hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity due to CRP administration. In addition, <em>Annona muricata </em>leaves extractand fullerene C<sub>60</sub>, clarifiedmodulatory role against the cellular damage produced by free radical-induced by CRP.
Carboplatin,Oxidative Stress,Annona muricata,Fullerene C60
https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_71752.html
https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_71752_362858262793635ceb3c5d28beefdb55.pdf
Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology
2090-0767
2090-083X
11
3
2019
12
01
Partial Kinetic Analysis of Haemolymph Esterases From The Red Palm Weevil; Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Oliv. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
169
180
EN
Nedal
M.
Fahmy
1-Department of Pest Physiology, Plant Protection Research Institute (PPRI), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Dokki, Giza, Egypt
2-Department of Biology, University Collage of Taymaa, University of Tabouk (ut), Kingdom of Saudi Areabia(Ksa)
nedalashraf33@hotmail.com
Tarek
R.
Amin
Department of Pest Physiology, Plant Protection Research Institute (PPRI), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Dokki, Giza, Egypt
10.21608/eajbsc.2019.104804
The paper represents a comprehensive study of the optimum subcellular fractions were prepared from the haemolymph of the seventh instar of the red palm weevil (RPW), <em>Rhynchophorus ferrugineus</em> Oliv. (Coleopter Curculionidae) to study some physicochemical characteristics of <span style="text-decoration: underline;">haemolymph</span> esterases. The results showed that there were differences in characters between haemolymph α-esterases (hydrolyze alpha naphthyl acetate) and β-esterases (hydrolyze beta naphthyl acetate). The optimal pH and temperature were 8 and 50°C for α-esterases, respectively, and they were 7 and 35°C for β-esterases, respectively. Km (Michaelis constant) determined with alpha naphthyl acetate was 4X10<sup>-7 M</sup>, and it was 13.3X10<sup>-6 M </sup>for that determined with beta naphthyl acetate. V<sub>max</sub> (maximum velocity) was 5.55 mg α-naphthol/min/mg protein and 1.66 mg β-naphthol/min/mg protein for α- and β-esterases, respectively. The effect of organic solvents on substrate hydrolysis was also discussed. The study provided biochemical optimized conditions for esterases activity, and with these ongoing studies, our further aim will be to develop new strategies for the red palm weevil control using disruptors of esterases as important detoxifying enzymes.
Rhynchophorus ferrugineus,Haemolymph Esterases,Kinetic properties
https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_104804.html
https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_104804_f865dd4191f1d22ef344c3890a990d04.pdf