@article { author = {Esmat, Abdelmoneim and Mahmoud, Sahar and Mohamed, Abd-Elrazek and Fahmy, El-Sisi and Salah, Mohammed and Ahmed, El-Yamany}, title = {Propolis Extract Attenuates Sepsis-Induced Hepatotoxicity and Neurotoxicity in Male Rats}, journal = {Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology}, volume = {11}, number = {3}, pages = {1-19}, year = {2019}, publisher = {Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences}, issn = {2090-0767}, eissn = {2090-083X}, doi = {10.21608/eajbsc.2019.44505}, abstract = {Inflammation is an important biological event in host defenses against bacterial or viral infections. However, excessive inflammatory responses by aberrantly activated macrophages, producing   excess amounts of inflammatory mediators, which disrupt immune homeostasis and result in immunopathological conditions such as sepsis. Sepsis was recognized as a systemic inflammatory response syndrome after serious infections, most commonly with bacteria, which have a high mortality rate. Propolis (Prop) could be used as adjuvant therapy in the management of sepsis. The present study aimed to investigate the protective effect of Prop against sepsis-induced in rats. Evaluation of complete blood count, activity of liver function enzymes in serum; alanine and aspartate aminotransferases were recorded.  Oxidant/antioxidant markers in liver tissue namely; malonaldehyde, nitrites/nitrates, glutathione disulfide, glutathione levels, catalase and superoxide dismutase activities. Also, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and prostaglandin E-2 levels in both serum and liver tissue were estimated.   Furthermore, interleukin-8, cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase genes expression were determined. Histopathological examination of liver tissue was investigated. Brain neurotransmitters; Dopamine, Norepinephrine and 5-hydroxytryptamine were also determined against sepsis-induced inflammation. The present study indicated that Prop could be an efficient protector that resets sepsis-induced severe oxidative stress, inflammation and improve the immune response of the liver as well as septic neurotoxic problems.}, keywords = {Sepsis,Propolis,Oxidative Stress,Inflammation, Monoamines}, url = {https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_44505.html}, eprint = {https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_44505_a55cdbcd92addb9ccf863e3feece5d2e.pdf} } @article { author = {Al-Hazimi, Awdah and Dhanarasu, Sasikumar and Mohammed, Nuha and Alhazimi, Afnan and Alahmadi, Ghaida and Alruwaili, Taif}, title = {The Educational Environment in a New Medical School Compared With an Old International School}, journal = {Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology}, volume = {11}, number = {3}, pages = {21-30}, year = {2019}, publisher = {Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences}, issn = {2090-0767}, eissn = {2090-083X}, doi = {10.21608/eajbsc.2019.45826}, abstract = {Background: The Dundee Ready Educational Environment Measure (DREEM) is used to measure the medical educational environment. This study aimed to assess students' perceptions of the edu­cational environment in Medical College, University of Hail using the DREEM. The hypothesis was that both strengths and weak­nesses would be identified. Methods: The DREEM was administered to students in all year's levels of the medical school, University of Hail. The data were collected and compared with Dundee University medical school. Result: A total of 150 (66.70%) completely responded to the 50 statements. They were 72.3% male and 61.1% female students. The overall mean score of this study was 110.79 which indicates that students in medical school had positive perceptions toward their educational environment. Conclusion: The DREEM is a valuable tool to assess the educational environment for newly developed medical school compared with well-developed health institutions to give a clear indication of the priorities for reform of the curriculum. The students in medical school, University of Hail had positive perceptions toward their educational environment. At the same time improvement is required across all domains of the educational environment at this institution especially in the subscales of Students’ academic self-perception and Students’ social self-perception.}, keywords = {Dundee Ready Educational Environment Measure,DREEM,Educational Environment,Questionnaire,students' perception}, url = {https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_45826.html}, eprint = {https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_45826_82e85cc05b93fa2d7b7b4c354c4b4e74.pdf} } @article { author = {Ahmed, Samia and Ahmed, Ahmed and Albalawi, Alia and Alharby, Zainab and Alharby, Essa and Makki, Ahmed and Mahmoud, Housham and Basit, Sulman}, title = {A Homozygous Missense Variant in the APOB gene in Patients from Hypercholesterolemia Families}, journal = {Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology}, volume = {11}, number = {3}, pages = {31-37}, year = {2019}, publisher = {Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences}, issn = {2090-0767}, eissn = {2090-083X}, doi = {10.21608/eajbsc.2019.47020}, abstract = {Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is an autosomal codominant, life-threatening inherited condition. FH is characterized by an increased blood level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Patients with FH are at serious risk of developing premature atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Association of FH with genetic variants in three genes (APOB, LDLR, and PCSK9) is well established, however, the data related to mutation spectrum and prevalence of FH in Saudi population is largely missing. Here, we studied two Saudi families segregating FH in an autosomal dominant manner. All exons and intro-exons junctions of three candidate genes (APOB, LDLR, and PCSK9) were sequenced using Sanger approach. Data analysis identified variants in exon 14 (c.1853C>T; p.Ala618Val) and exon 29 (c.13013G>A; p.Ser4338Asn) of the APOB gene in both families. Both variants perfectly segregating with FH phenotype in families. The variant (c.13013G>A) is located in the well-established active site of apolipoprotein B, thus, it might influence the enzyme activity. In conclusion, we found homozygosity for variant in APOB in families segregating FH. This study expanded the mutational spectrum of APOB in FH. In addition, the present study provided additional evidence that supports the important involvement of apolipoprotein B dysregulation in Saudi FH patients.}, keywords = {Hypercholesterolemia,APOB,Saudi families,Mutation,Homozygous variant,Exon 7}, url = {https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_47020.html}, eprint = {https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_47020_6765e5090cb9b41a3d57259bfd52e0c3.pdf} } @article { author = {Baothman, Eshrag and Elagali, Abdullah}, title = {The Efficacy and Safety of Using ω−3 fatty acids to reduce the Incidence of Breast Cancer}, journal = {Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology}, volume = {11}, number = {3}, pages = {39-51}, year = {2019}, publisher = {Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences}, issn = {2090-0767}, eissn = {2090-083X}, doi = {10.21608/eajbsc.2019.48004}, abstract = {Background: ω−3 fatty acids are essential fatty acids through our bodies cannot make them. The main source of ω−3 fatty acidsis fish especially Tuna, Salmon and Halibut species. Omega -3 fatty acids also play a vital role in brain function. It is very important to have the right ratios of ω−3 fatty acids in the diet. This study has established that consumed in the right quantities fish oil supplements containing high levels of Omega-3 fats mainly DHA and EPA had a 30 percent reduced risk of developing breast cancer. The project aims is to investigate and seek from many of the numerous studies that have linked Omega-3 supplementation with a decreased risk of invasive ductal breast cancer. Methodology: The data in this study was collected via University Library as an electronic database by accessing another database such as Web of Science, ProQuest, PubMed, Medline, and Science Direct databases.  Results: The result part is composed of an analysis of five different studies conducted on the influences of fatty acids on breast cancer.  Conclusion of this studythe ω−3 fatty acids does fight against breast cancer especially among women who have been diagnosed with the disease. Omega-3 fatty acids can shrink the breast cancer cells preventing metastasizing}, keywords = {omega-3,fatty acids,fish oil,DHA,EPA and breast cancer}, url = {https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_48004.html}, eprint = {https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_48004_1e5bfd2dd95fcd488dd86651b35e8079.pdf} } @article { author = {Abdullah, Intisar.}, title = {Effect of Carrot Juice on Some Blood Parameters in CCl4 intoxicated rabbits}, journal = {Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology}, volume = {11}, number = {3}, pages = {53-59}, year = {2019}, publisher = {Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences}, issn = {2090-0767}, eissn = {2090-083X}, doi = {10.21608/eajbsc.2019.53474}, abstract = {The purpose of this study was to evaluate the beneficial effects of Daucus carota root juice on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) intoxicated rabbits. In this study, fifteen rabbits divided into 3 groups... The first group (G1) served as the control, the second group (G2) was treated with CCl4 , and a third group (G3) was treated with CCl4 +extract of Dacus Carota roots .      Carbon tetrachloride alone caused a non-significant (P<0.05) increase in WBCs, RBCs, Hb and HCT compared with G1. and non-significant decrease in  PLT was observed in CCl4  treated group compared with G1. Administration of Daucus carota roots juice to CCl4 G3 shown a significant (P<0.05) increase in the HCT, WBCs, PLT and non- significant change in RBCs and Hb.  }, keywords = {Daucus carota,carrot juice,Carbon tetrachloride,Rabbits,blood parameters}, url = {https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_53474.html}, eprint = {https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_53474_5d6fbbec16fc8c11a4a5688626bc5202.pdf} } @article { author = {Moradi, Faramarz}, title = {Flavonoids crataegus oxyacantha Bioassay in Vitro (35%ethanol 65% water) with Plant Bionanosensor}, journal = {Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology}, volume = {11}, number = {3}, pages = {61-67}, year = {2019}, publisher = {Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences}, issn = {2090-0767}, eissn = {2090-083X}, doi = {10.21608/eajbsc.2019.56461}, abstract = {Hawthorn extract has a significant amount of flavonoid and is of high importance due to the antioxidant property. Bioassay is a biological testing procedure for estimating the concentration of a substance. There are various methods for measuring antioxidant biological compounds. Qualitative and quantitative techniques of polyphenols measurement include chromatography, HPLC and GC-MS. These techniques are expensive and time-consuming so the development of biosensors can overcome these limitations. In order to prevent damage by free radicals, the body has a defense system of antioxidants. Plant bionanosensor is a certain type and novel approach of biosensors that has been fabricated by this author for the first time. The study was used to determine two types of flavonoids concentrations in vitro (35%ethanol 65% water) in hawthorn extract through rotation with three replications by sas9.1 software. The different levels of flavonoid rotation are significant with a probability of 99%. So far, no report was made about such a plant bionanosensor at international level from other researchers}, keywords = {Plant bionanosensor,bioassay in vitro,Flavonoids crataegus oxyacantha}, url = {https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_56461.html}, eprint = {https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_56461_0ce5efd99ffaf2d556651a352533068f.pdf} } @article { author = {Khalil, Rasha. and EL-Demerdash, El-Shaimaa.}, title = {Isolation and Identification of Some Genes for Drought Tolerance in Suaeda Sp Plant}, journal = {Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology}, volume = {11}, number = {3}, pages = {69-76}, year = {2019}, publisher = {Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences}, issn = {2090-0767}, eissn = {2090-083X}, doi = {10.21608/eajbsc.2019.61509}, abstract = { In the present study, two species of the drought-tolerant genus Suaeda (Suaeda vera and Suaeda pruinosa) were investigated for detection of some genes responsible for drought resistance. Three genes (P5CS, BADH, and DREB) were chosen and detected using specific primers producing bands of different sizes 1500bp, 700bp and 430bp, respectively. The obtained fragments of the three genes were Sequenced, and phylogenetic tree constructed. The results revealed the efficiency of BADH to clarify the closest relatedness of Suaeda species with other species on National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database. In addition, one can conclude that BADH gene may be included in drought resistance mechanism of Suaeda species. This study can be used in the future for breeding and crop improvement programs..}, keywords = {Suaeda vera,Suaeda pruinosa,P5CS,BADH and DREB gene,phylogenetic tree}, url = {https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_61509.html}, eprint = {https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_61509_64a79274fb8935deca01df0e9c0e95a5.pdf} } @article { author = {Mohamed, Nancy and Mohamed, Mohamed and El-Ebiarie, Ahmed and Gamal, Nourhan}, title = {Biochemical Characterization of Some Digestive Enzymes in the Midgut of Eristalis megacephala (Diptera: Syrphidae)}, journal = {Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology}, volume = {11}, number = {3}, pages = {77-95}, year = {2019}, publisher = {Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences}, issn = {2090-0767}, eissn = {2090-083X}, doi = {10.21608/eajbsc.2019.63539}, abstract = {The results revealed the activity of some digestive enzymes in the anterior, middle, posterior portions of midgut of third instar larvae of Eristalis megacephala and it showed that the highest pH of trypsin was at pH 6 in anterior mid-gut, middle mid-gut, and posterior mid-gut. The highest pH of chymotrypsin in anterior mid-gut was at pH 7, in the middle mid-gut it was nearly similar at all chosen pH values but slightly higher at pH 7 ,while the chymotrypsin activity in the posterior mid-gut of the larval stage of Eristalis megacephala was highest at pH 8.The highest activity of leucine – aminopeptidase was at pH 9 in anterior mid-gut, at pH 6 in middle mid-gut and at pH 7 in posterior mid-gut. The highest pH of carboxypeptidase A in the anterior mid-gut was at pH 6, in the middle mid-gut was at pH 7, while at pH 6 in the posterior mid-gut. The highest pH activity of carboxypeptidase B was 9 in anterior, middle and posterior mid-guts.           Some glucosidases were studied and it showed that the highest pH of α- glucosidase was at pH 5.6 in anterior, middle and posterior mid-gut .The highest pH of β- glucosidase was at pH 6 in anterior, middle and posterior mid-gut. The highest pH of α- galactosidase was highest at pH 6 in anterior mid-gut and in the middle and posterior mid-gut at pH 5.6 .The highest pH of β- galactosidase was highest at pH 6 in anterior, middle and posterior mid-guts .The highest pH of α – amylase is at pH 3.6 in anterior mid-gut, pH 6 in middle mid-gut and pH 5.6 in posterior mid-gut. The present study also revealed that the activity of acid – phosphatase was high in anterior mid-gut that middle and posterior mid-gut while the activity of alkaline phosphatase was nearly similar in anterior, middle and posterior mid-gut but slightly higher in anterior mid-gut of larval stage of Eristalis megacephala.}, keywords = {Eristalis megacephala,Diptera,Proteases,glucosidases,acid,alkaline phosphatase}, url = {https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_63539.html}, eprint = {https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_63539_14ebb5eeee84ab6e7c9c12d6aada3ae2.pdf} } @article { author = {Ghanem, Mohamed}, title = {Physiological Responses Influenced by Certain Heavy Metals at the Mullet Fish, Mugil cephalus Inhabiting Mediterranean Sea Coast at Damietta Governorate, Egypt.}, journal = {Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology}, volume = {11}, number = {3}, pages = {97-108}, year = {2019}, publisher = {Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences}, issn = {2090-0767}, eissn = {2090-083X}, doi = {10.21608/eajbsc.2019.63940}, abstract = {The present study aims to determine the concentrations of some heavy metals in the target organs of mullet fish, Mugil cephalus collected from the Coast of Mediterranean Sea, at Damietta Governorate, to compare concentrations of metals in the different organs and their effects on some physiological parameters in the edible organs of this species during winter and summer, 2018. The present data indicated that the highest values of heavy metals in the different organs were observed during the hot season (summer) than the cold one (winter). It declared the highest value in the gonads for Iron concentration during summer and the lowest one was detected for Cadmium concentration during winter (38.74±4.60 and 1.46±0.33 µg/g wet wt, respectively). Kidneys appeared the same trend with high peak for Iron level followed by Zinc ions during summer; being 153.70±6.24 and 73.34±5.24 µg/g wet wt, respectively. It showed a depletion concentration (1.12±0.17 µg/g wet wt) during winter in Copper ion than the other metals. Due to its function, liver contains the high levels of heavy metals during summer (106.70 ± 16.73 µg/g wet wt) for Iron ion and the lowest values (1.84±0.30 and 1.86±0.37µg/g wet wt, respectively) were measured for cadmium and lead during winter. Data revealed that heavy metals concentration in the musclesof M. cephalus fluctuated between 1.35± 0.73 µg/g wet wt for Copper ion during winter and 51.37± 1.34 µg/g wet wt for Iron during summer. ANOVA (p> 0.05) showed highly significant differences in one way of heavy metals concentrations except between the different organs showed significant difference. Moreover, two ways of analysis exhibited a significant difference (p>0.05) at the interaction between seasons and metals plus between organs and metals. The present study revealed that total proteins in the different organs of M. cephalus attained its highest value in the muscles during winter and reached its lowest value in the kidney during summer (201.76±13.90 and 84.25 ±4.46 mg/g wet wt, respectively). The maximum values of total lipids were detected in the samples collected during winter (33.28±6.82 mg/g wet wt in the muscles and 31.41±3.43 mg/g wet wt in the liver) while the minimum values were determined during summer in gonads and kidneys; being 12.66±3.83 mg/g wet wt in the former and 13.78±2.64 mg/g wet wt in the latter. Results exhibited the higher activities in ASAT and ALAT enzymes during summer in the liver while the lower values occurred in the muscles during winter; being 504.46±9.87 and 296.14±24.75 U/g wet wt, respectively for the first enzyme and 363.25±19.73 and 204.62±16.76 U/g wet wt, respectively for the second one. Concerning analysis of variance for biochemical parameters, there are highly significant differences between the different seasons and parameters of one way. Also, two ways of ANOVA exhibited a significant difference in the interaction between seasons and different parameters. }, keywords = {Heavy metals,biochemical parameters,Mugil cephalus}, url = {https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_63940.html}, eprint = {https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_63940_ce2de99a2e30f37547cfcb57178846f6.pdf} } @article { author = {Mar&#039;ie, Zeinab and Allam, Mohammad}, title = {Usage of Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) Marker in Assessing the Genetic Variation of Six Parrotfish Species from the Egyptian Red Sea}, journal = {Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology}, volume = {11}, number = {3}, pages = {109-116}, year = {2019}, publisher = {Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences}, issn = {2090-0767}, eissn = {2090-083X}, doi = {10.21608/eajbsc.2019.63943}, abstract = {The report compared six parrotfish species (Scarus ferrugineus, Scarus psittacus, Scarus frenatus, Chlorurus sordidus, scarus genazotus and Cetoscarus bicolor) for molecular diversity and phylogenetic using eleven ISSR primers, the obtained results showed a total of 235 DNA fragments; 11 were common bands, 65 were specific bands and 159 were polymorphic bands. Additionally, the results indicated the largest similarity degree 58 between (Chlorurus sordidus and scarus genazotus), while the lowest similarity degree 35 was found between (Scarus frenatus and Chlorurus sordidus). The results that occurred from ISSR analysis found to be more reliable for differentiating species of fishes particularly parrotfish.   }, keywords = {DNA,Genetic diversity,ISSR,Parrotfish,and PCR}, url = {https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_63943.html}, eprint = {https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_63943_a339609a584877c494d8aa130d9d9338.pdf} } @article { author = {Mohamed, Noha and Sayed, Fatma Al-zahraa and Monem, Ahmed and Rageh, Monira}, title = {DNA Damage in Ehrlich Carcinoma induced by Gold Nanorods Mediated Photothermal Therapy}, journal = {Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology}, volume = {11}, number = {3}, pages = {117-126}, year = {2019}, publisher = {Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences}, issn = {2090-0767}, eissn = {2090-083X}, doi = {10.21608/eajbsc.2019.65047}, abstract = {Gold nanorods (AuNRs) are promising nanoplatforms for cancer photothermal therapy due to their capability to absorb light in the near-infrared (NIR) window. This work was conducted to evaluate the DNA damage in Ehrlich tumor tissues associated with photothermal therapy mediated with very small sized pegylated gold nanorods (PEG-AuNRs). The accumulated gold nanorods inside tumor tissues were photo-excited with 300 mW NIR laser for 50 min. The physical properties of PEG-AuNRs were investigated using transmission electron microscopy, size distribution measurement, and UV-vis absorption spectroscopy.  The efficacy of the in-vivo photothermal therapy of intravenously injected PEG-AuNRs was assessed using tumor size measurements. Also, oxidative stress and comet assay were performed to measure the percentage of DNA damage. The results showed that PEG-AuNRs were successfully prepared with a length of 8 nm and a longitudinal absorption peak at 800 nm. FTIR study confirmed the successful coating of polyethylene glycol on the surface of the gold nanorods. The in vivo experiment showed that PEG-AuNRs elicited tumoral growth arrest by producing free radicals in addition to its photo heat conversion which was sufficient to induce cellular damage by causing DNA damage}, keywords = {Photothermal therapy,Cancer,DNA damage,very small Gold nanorods}, url = {https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_65047.html}, eprint = {https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_65047_0814a060624d0f5aa0492a300e049f48.pdf} } @article { author = {EL-Mahdi, Mohammed}, title = {Sequence Variations and Molecular Phylogeny of some Red Sea Parrotfishes (Scaridae) Using Mitochondrial Gene Sequences}, journal = {Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology}, volume = {11}, number = {3}, pages = {127-138}, year = {2019}, publisher = {Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences}, issn = {2090-0767}, eissn = {2090-083X}, doi = {10.21608/eajbsc.2019.67044}, abstract = {  Targeted DNA fragments were isolated from four scarids species; Scarus collana Rüppell 1835; Scarus frenatus Lacepède 1802; Scarus (Chlorurus) sordidus Forsskål 1775 and Scarus niger Forsskål 1775 using mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene-specific primers.            Analysis of obtained partial 16S rRNA gene nucleotide sequences showed a high level of nucleotide identity in the studied regions. This reflects a close genetic relationship and shared ancestry among studied parrotfishes. Nucleotide compositions of partial 16S rRNA gene nucleotide sequence biased towards adenine and similar preference towards thymine, cytocine, and guanine. Also, base constitutions revealed preference towards higher DNA conservations.            Phylogenetic analysis displayed patterns of assembly for studied species, and other included related taxa, which reflect their similar genetic makeup and their tendency to have similar niches. The phylogenetic trees revealed two evolutionary lineages splitting Scaridae and Wrasses which assumed that Scaridae should maintain the family status.           Obtained data could be beneficial for parootfishes classification, conservation, and their needed environments. Therefore, the acquisition of nucleotide sequences from other parrotfishes using the developed mt16S rRNA gene-specific primers utilized here would contribute in the future to the phylogenetic }, keywords = {Parrotfishes,mt16S rRNA gene,molecular phylogeny,reef fishes,Red Sea}, url = {https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_67044.html}, eprint = {https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_67044_c91b828370439b7fd876b9337ceb8205.pdf} } @article { author = {Azab, Mona and Zowail, Mohamed and A., Nassif and Elsadek, Ghada and Mohamed, Safwa}, title = {Sequencing and Phylogenetic Analysis of the Salmonella Enterotoxin (stn) Gene of Salmonella spp. Isolated from Egyptian Broiler Breeder Chickens Farms}, journal = {Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology}, volume = {11}, number = {3}, pages = {139-147}, year = {2019}, publisher = {Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences}, issn = {2090-0767}, eissn = {2090-083X}, doi = {10.21608/eajbsc.2019.70775}, abstract = {    Salmonella is a member of Enterobacteriaceae family that found to be pathogenic to domestic and wild animals and humans. Salmonellae were isolated from three distinct governorates, Giza, Monofia and Qaluobia from broiler breeder chicken farms. Molecular characterization of the Salmonella isolates using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay as well as Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of PCR products were conducted to distinguish the collected Salmonellae species. The nucleotide sequence of 617 bp PCR products representing the amplified fragment of stn gene of seven isolates of Salmonella enteritidis has been sequenced. Furthermore, the nucleotide sequence was submitted to the gene bank.  The obtained sequences were blasted with the highly similar sequences and the multiple sequence alignments were conducted. Neighbor-joining tree was constructed for the Egyptian Salmonella isolates against 30 Salmonella spp. from the Gene bank database representing maximum similarity with stn gene when subjected to multiple sequence alignment, and the phylogenetic tree was constructed based on the comparative analysis of related sequences at the nucleotide level.}, keywords = {Salmonella,PCR,stn gene,Sequencing}, url = {https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_70775.html}, eprint = {https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_70775_4072b88e1644474e9cceed6ca8251e02.pdf} } @article { author = {Kasem, Naglaa,}, title = {Ameliorative Effects of Annona muricata (Graviola) and Fullerene C60 Against Toxicity Induced by Carboplatin in Male Albino Rats}, journal = {Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology}, volume = {11}, number = {3}, pages = {149-168}, year = {2019}, publisher = {Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences}, issn = {2090-0767}, eissn = {2090-083X}, doi = {10.21608/eajbsc.2019.71752}, abstract = {This study was designed to demonstrate the ameliorating effects Annona muricata (Graviola)plant extract and fullerene C60 on hematological and biochemical disorder alteration induced by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of carboplatin (CRP) on male rats. Five groups of adult male rats we established (n=10). Group1: animals were administered normal saline i.p. (10 ml/kg b.wt) for 40 days and served as a normal group. Group 2: rats were injected i.p. with a single dose of CRP (80 mg/kg b.wt), then received a saline solution for the remaining 40 days and served as a control group. Group 3: animals were oral administration of Annona muricata leaves extract at a dose of 200 mg/kg/day for 40 consecutive days after 24 hours of i.p. injected with a single dose of CRP (80 mg/kg b.wt.). Group 4: animals weretreated orally by fullerene C60 (4 mg/ kg b.wt.) daily for 40 daysafter 24 hours of i.p. injected a single dose of CRP (80 mg/kg b.wt.). Group 5: each rat in this group was daily oral administration of Annona muricata leaves extract at a dose of (200 mg/kg b.wt.)+ fullerene C60 (4 mg/ kg b. wt.)  for 40 days after 24 hours of injected a single dose of CRP. Results obtained revealed that CRP administration in the control group (gp. 2) significantly reduced the levels of red blood cells (RBCs), haemoglobin (Hb), blood Platelets (PLTs) and PCV value, with a marked reduction in white blood cells (WBCs). Additionally, there is an elevation in serum ALT, AST, ALP, total bilirubin, creatinine and urea associated with a reduction in albumin, total protein, and uric acid. In addition, hepatic and renal thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels were significantly increased by CRP administration while levels of endogenous antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and reduced glutathione (GSH) were reduced. This study confirmed the risk of increased oxidative stress, hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity due to CRP administration. In addition, Annona muricata leaves extractand fullerene C60, clarifiedmodulatory role against the cellular damage produced by free radical-induced by CRP.}, keywords = {Carboplatin,Oxidative Stress,Annona muricata,Fullerene C60}, url = {https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_71752.html}, eprint = {https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_71752_362858262793635ceb3c5d28beefdb55.pdf} } @article { author = {Fahmy, Nedal and Amin, Tarek}, title = {Partial Kinetic Analysis of Haemolymph Esterases From The Red Palm Weevil; Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Oliv. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)}, journal = {Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology}, volume = {11}, number = {3}, pages = {169-180}, year = {2019}, publisher = {Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences}, issn = {2090-0767}, eissn = {2090-083X}, doi = {10.21608/eajbsc.2019.104804}, abstract = {The paper represents a comprehensive study of the optimum subcellular fractions were prepared from the haemolymph of the seventh instar of the red palm weevil (RPW), Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Oliv. (Coleopter Curculionidae) to study some physicochemical characteristics of haemolymph esterases. The results showed that there were differences in characters between haemolymph α-esterases (hydrolyze alpha naphthyl acetate) and β-esterases (hydrolyze beta naphthyl acetate). The optimal pH and temperature were 8 and 50°C for α-esterases, respectively, and they were 7 and 35°C for β-esterases, respectively. Km (Michaelis constant) determined with alpha naphthyl acetate was 4X10-7 M, and it was 13.3X10-6 M for that determined with beta naphthyl acetate. Vmax (maximum velocity) was 5.55 mg α-naphthol/min/mg protein and 1.66 mg β-naphthol/min/mg protein for α- and β-esterases, respectively. The effect of organic solvents on substrate hydrolysis was also discussed. The study provided biochemical optimized conditions for esterases activity, and with these ongoing studies, our further aim will be to develop new strategies for the red palm weevil control using disruptors of esterases as important detoxifying enzymes.}, keywords = {Rhynchophorus ferrugineus,Haemolymph Esterases,Kinetic properties}, url = {https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_104804.html}, eprint = {https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_104804_f865dd4191f1d22ef344c3890a990d04.pdf} }