@article { author = {Seufi, AlaaEddeen and A., Tanani M and G, Al-Daly and Galal, Fatma and I., Nassar and El-Ansary, E.}, title = {Electrophoretic Analysis of Salivary Gland Proteins of Adult Culex antennatus (Diptera: Culicidae)}, journal = {Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology}, volume = {8}, number = {1}, pages = {1-9}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences}, issn = {2090-0767}, eissn = {2090-083X}, doi = {10.21608/eajbsc.2016.13676}, abstract = {Salivary glands of mosquitoes play an important role in food ingestion and digestion as well as transmission of pathogens. Mosquitoes are able to adapt to feed on blood by salivary glands which secrete proteins that work against the haemostasis process. So, the identification of these protein contents in the salivary glands of Culex antennatus (males and females) is the aim of this study. In the present study, protein banding pattern (Native and SDS PAGE) of salivary glands of adult Culex antennatus (un-fed, sugar-fed, starved and blood-fed) was investigated. Males and females of Cx. antennatus were dissected and their salivary glands were collected at un-fed stage, 0-, 3-, 6-, 12- and 24- h after sugar feeding and starved stage. Female salivary glands were additionally collected at different stages of blood feeding (probing time, partial engorgement, full engorgement, 3-, 6-, 12-, 24-, 48- and 72- h. after blood meal and after oviposition. Results of native-PAGE demonstrated that there were differences in the overall protein banding pattern in salivary glands of males and females of Cx. antennatus in the cases of un-fed, sugar-fed and starved stages. Differences in salivary gland proteins were observed when comparing males of all stages, too.  Differences in salivary gland proteins were also noticed when comparing females of all stages. Furthermore, all blood-feeding stages of females showed differences in salivary gland proteins when compared to sugar-fed and starved females. Results of SDS-PAGE clarified that the molecular weight of the separated proteins (in all stages) ranged from 317.36 to 10.91 KDa. Differences were also observed between males and females in the cases of un-fed, sugar-fed and starved stages of Cx. antennatus. }, keywords = {Electrophoresis,salivary gland,proteins,Cx. antennatus}, url = {https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_13676.html}, eprint = {https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_13676_0be6e987f0cb00c492038c50c70adc51.pdf} } @article { author = {Al-Shammari, Eyad and Epuru, Suneetha and Bano, Rafia and Adnan, Mohd and Khan, Saif}, title = {Allura Red, Carmoisine and Indigo Carmine Inhibit Reactive Oxygen Species Production by Human Polymorphonuclear Leukocytesin Vitro}, journal = {Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology}, volume = {8}, number = {1}, pages = {11-22}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences}, issn = {2090-0767}, eissn = {2090-083X}, doi = {10.21608/eajbsc.2016.13677}, abstract = {Evidence for Artificial Food colours (AFCs) association with allergies/intolerance/hypersensitivities and hyperactivity rea-ctions, remain controversial and inconsistent although AFCs are suspected to interact with immune system in yet to be discovered unknown mechanisms. In the present study, the effects of Allura Red, Carmoisine and Indigo Carmine on Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) production by human Polymorph nuclear Leukocytes (PMNs) were investigated. Chemiluminescence (CL) method enhanced by luminol (5-amino 2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazine-dione) was employed to study the ROS generation by PMNs stimulated in vitro by Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). Allura red, carmoisine and indigo carmine could produce an effectively marked and dose-dependent inhibition of ROS production by PMNs. The highest CL inhibition of 94 %, 95 %  and36 % was observed respectively for allura red and carmoisine and indigo carmine at their respective highest concentration. Future studies are required to understand complete implications of the present study results.}, keywords = {Artificial Food Colours,Neutrophils,Reactive oxygen species,Chemilumiscence}, url = {https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_13677.html}, eprint = {https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_13677_fb068d17858a287fb959684ff117335f.pdf} } @article { author = {I., Hassan and Kholoussi, Naglaa and Taalat, Randa}, title = {Determination OF Apolipoprotein (E) Genotypes By PCR And Relation To Plasma Lipid In Coronary Heart Disease Patients}, journal = {Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology}, volume = {8}, number = {1}, pages = {23-29}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences}, issn = {2090-0767}, eissn = {2090-083X}, doi = {10.21608/eajbsc.2016.13678}, abstract = {Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the most prevalent type of cardiovascular disease (CVD) which, according to the American Heart Association accounts for 35% of all deaths in U.S.A. Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) is an apoprotein found in the chylomicrons and IDLs that binds to a specific receptor on liver cells and peripheral cells and it is essential for the normal catabolism of triglyceride-rich lipoprotein constituents .This study was carried out on 35 subjects divided into two groups. First : 25 CAD patients, the patients ages were ranged between 43 to 71 years. Second : 10 control were normal, the control ages were ranged between 29-54 years. All the patients and control were selected from Cairo Medical Center, cardiology department. All subjects were submitted to the following: Full history taking. General clinical examination. Coronary angiography (tarnsfemoral catheterization). Laboratory investigation: Assessment of apolipoprotein E polymorphism by PCR and restriction enzymes. Measurement of serum cholesterol. Measurement of serum triacylglycerol. Measurement of serum low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc). Measurement of serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc). Measurement of serum cardiac enzymes and troponine.}, keywords = {apolipoprotein E,Coronary Artery Disease}, url = {https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_13678.html}, eprint = {https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_13678_53ac2ec047704d0cf0a085eaf1b15f2b.pdf} } @article { author = {abbas, Madlen Q and Wahab, Khalil and Hussein, Anmar}, title = {Hormonal Changes in BALB/c Mice During Aflatoxins Exposure produced From Aspergillus flavus and the Protective Effects of Panax ginseng Extract.}, journal = {Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology}, volume = {8}, number = {1}, pages = {31-36}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences}, issn = {2090-0767}, eissn = {2090-083X}, doi = {10.21608/eajbsc.2016.13679}, abstract = {The aim of the present study to identify the influence of  aflatoxins (9mg/kgb.w)  in the sum of hormone levels Total thyroxin, Testosterone and Luteinizing hormonein BALB/c mice and the protective effects of pretreatment of the three concentrations of Panax ginseng(150mg / kg b.w) , (100mg / kg b.w)  and (50mg / kg b.w) At the end of administrated interval, the laboratory animals had weighted and killed to obtain blood samples in order toidentify the changes in the level of thyroid hormones T4 as well as testosterone and Luteinizing hormonethe results showed as follows: 1-   Reducing in the level of hormone T4 , testosterone and Luteinizing hormone LH in the blood serum of the aflatoxins AFs (9mg/kgb.w) animals group when compared with control. 2-   Increasing in the level of T4, testosterone and Luteinizing hormone LH of each Animals administrated pretreatment with Panax ginseng at the tree concentrations. 3-   The best protective effects against Aflatoxins in current study done by the concentrations (150mg / kg b.w) of Panax ginseng extract.}, keywords = {Hormonal changes,Aflatoxins,T4,testosterone,LH}, url = {https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_13679.html}, eprint = {https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_13679_a3751f677d8c3fc79153ad955bbcedaa.pdf} } @article { author = {Elshater, Abd-Elraheim and Ali, Rana and Gedawy, Huda}, title = {Comparative Physiological Studies on the Effect of Nano-magnetic Particles (iron oxid) and Graviola Leaves Extract on Adriamycin Induced Cardiotoxicity in Male Albino Rats}, journal = {Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology}, volume = {8}, number = {1}, pages = {37-50}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences}, issn = {2090-0767}, eissn = {2090-083X}, doi = {10.21608/eajbsc.2016.13680}, abstract = {Adriamycin (ADR) or Doxorubicin (DOX), is an effective antineoplastic agent commonly used for the treatment of various cancers. ADR is an anthracycline chemotherapeutic  containing a quinone group that is known to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) in heart. . Because of its cardiotoxicity side effects in various tissues, which lead to cardiomyopathy and congestive heart failure, the clinical application is limited. The present study was designed to evaluate the cardioprotective effect of nano-magnetic particles (NFe3O4) and Graviola (Annona muricata) leaves extract and combination of them against ADR -induced cardiomyopathy in rats which are divided into 5 groups including one control and four experimental (10 rats per group). They received saline (normal), ADR alone (15 mg/kg body weight, i.p.) (control), ADR followed by NFe3O4 (15 mg/kg body weight, i.p.), ADR followed by Graviola (200mg/kg body weight, oral), and ADR followed by NFe3O4 and Graviola. Animals were sacrificed 28 days after treatment and evaluations were made by measuring cardic enzymes (CK and LDH) in serum. Also  the activities of antioxidants  such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH) as well as the level of  malnodialdhyde (MDA) as a marked of lipid peroxidation . In the ADR-exposed rats,CK, LDH, and MDA significantly increased, while GSH, SOD and CAT enzymes decreased when compared to normal animals. In the Group NFe3O4, graviola leaves extract, and (NFe3O4 +graviola leaves extract alone), CK, LDH and MDA levels significantly decreased, while GSH, SOD and CAT enzymes levels significantly increased when compared to ADR treated animals. The results showed that there is a possibility that the ethanolic extract of graviola and NFe3O4 and combination of them ameliorate the toxicity induced by ADR in rats.}, keywords = {Adriamycin,Iron Oxide,Nanoparticles,graviola leaves,Extract,cardiotoxicity,antioxidant enzymes and rats}, url = {https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_13680.html}, eprint = {https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_13680_2acb3a88254162a6592652b6fe86845d.pdf} } @article { author = {M., Shehata and A., Zaahkouk and H., Ghanem and Ghanem, E. and A., El-Amawy}, title = {Seasonal Variations of Heavy Metal Accumulation in Water, Sediment and Target Organs of the Cichlid Fish, Oreochromis niloticus Inhabiting El-Bagouria Canal, El-Gharbia Governorate, Egypt}, journal = {Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology}, volume = {8}, number = {1}, pages = {51-63}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences}, issn = {2090-0767}, eissn = {2090-083X}, doi = {10.21608/eajbsc.2016.13681}, abstract = {Damietta Nile Branch is a continues resource for drinking water and aquatic life in Delta Governorates; however it’s subjected to severe pollutants of domestic, sewage and agri­cultural pollutants. The present study was conducted to evaluate seasonal accumulation of some heavy metals (Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn) in water, sediment and edible organs of the cichlid fish, Oreochromis niloticus, inhabiting El-BagouriaCanal during the period from summer 2013to spring, 2014. on the bases of qualitative and quantitative analysis, total protein, total lipids, total carbohydrates, ASAT and ALAT activity in the target organs (liver, kidney, muscle and gonads) of this fish were determined. Results revealed that, concentrations of heavy metals in sediment were remarkably higher than in the surface water.  It was followed the order: Fe>Mn>Zn>Cu in the former and Fe>Mn>Cu>Zn in the latter. In the target organs, however, it was in the rank of Fe>Zn>Cu>Mn. Biochemical analysis indicated remarkable changes in the metabolic pathways and enzymatic activities. ANOVA (p> 0.05) showed highly significant differences between the different organs, seasons and metals. Also, there was a highly significant difference between biochemical parameters and a slight significant difference between the different seasons and organs. Constant monitoring of the water quality in the study area is needed to record any alteration in the water characteristics and reducing the impacts on the aquatic ecosystem.}, keywords = {water quality,Heavy metals,biochemical,O. niloticus,El-Bagouria Canal}, url = {https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_13681.html}, eprint = {https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_13681_c092cad21b44e55477c4726f02a4e3bd.pdf} } @article { author = {Al-Kahtani, Muneera}, title = {Isolation and Molecular Identification of Streptomyces spp. with Antibacterial Activity from KSA}, journal = {Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology}, volume = {8}, number = {1}, pages = {65-73}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences}, issn = {2090-0767}, eissn = {2090-083X}, doi = {10.21608/eajbsc.2016.13682}, abstract = {Introduction: The genus Streptomyces represents a group of microorganisms that are widely distributed in nature. The genus Streptomyces, filamentous soil bacteria, has been described as the greatest source of the commercially available antibiotics. Streptomyces are also reported to produce other valuable bioactive secondary metabolites acting as antitumor agents, immune-osuppressive agents, and enzymes. In this study, a wide survey was conducted across Saudi Arabia.  Soil samples were collected from different governorates representing different climatic conditions. Methods: The soil sample was collected randomly from the agricultural lands in Riyadh and Qassim in Saudi Arabia. All the samples were pre-treated with calcium carbonate to reduce the number of vegetative bacterial cells, while allowing many Actinomycetes spores to survive. The collected samples were isolated by serial dilution method and identified based on cultural, morphological, microscopic, biochemical, and sequence analysis of 16S RNA gene parameters. The collected samples were analyzed for antimicrobial activities by perpendicular streak and disc diffusion methods, against the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis), Gram-negative Escherichia. coli, Enterococcus aerogenes,  and filamentous fungi  Candida albicans . Results: Analysis of morphological and biochemical characteristics and the 16S rDNA gene sequence indicated that all  selected isolates belonged to the genus Streptomyces. Moreover, screening of the isolates with regard to their antimicrobial activity against indicator bacteria, the optimum growth and antimicrobial compound production  was found to be a maximal pH 8, in the shaker incubator at 28ºC, for a period of 10 days. Conclusions: The S. flavogriseus showed a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activities against the test organisms and this opened further research investigations on purification and structural characterization of the active compounds from the crude extract}, keywords = {Streptomyces,Antibacterial activity,16S rDNA,antibiotics,Saudi Arabia}, url = {https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_13682.html}, eprint = {https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_13682_70a193e8a544039c1eacc5dfc0de5f83.pdf} } @article { author = {Atia, Mona}, title = {Augmentation of Curcumin Induced Cell Death by Cell Permeable C2 Ceramide in Human T-lymphoma Jurkat Cell Line}, journal = {Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology}, volume = {8}, number = {1}, pages = {75-85}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences}, issn = {2090-0767}, eissn = {2090-083X}, doi = {10.21608/eajbsc.2016.13683}, abstract = {Lymphoma in general is hard to treat cancer type which is resistant to be cured with variety of anticancer agents. Consequently, finding new approaches for anti-lymphoma agents is urgent. The present study evaluates the augmentation effect of cell permeable short chain C2 ceramide in sensitization of Human T-lymphoma Jurkat cells to curcumin-induced cell death. Many methods were used in the present study include MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazoliumbromide) assay for determination of cell viability, DAPI (4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole ) and SRB (sulforhodamine B) methods for determination of cell death, Immunofluorescence staining of endogenous ceramide and western blot detection of apoptosis associated proteins. Curcumin alone reduces cell viability and induces apoptotic cell death in Jurkat cell line as indicated from cleavage of the proapoptotic caspase3 and cleavage of [poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase] PARP. C2 ceramide potentiates the apoptotic cell death induced by curcumin. Hence the combination of curcumin and C2 ceramide dramatically increases the apoptotic cell death associated proteins; cleaved caspase 3 and PARP in addition to apoptotic index obtained from DAPI and SRB assays. Moreover, the molecular mechanism of C2 ceramide sensitization of apoptotic cell death induced by curcumin was outlined. }, keywords = {Lymphoma,Jurkat cell line,Curcumin,Ceramide,apoptosis}, url = {https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_13683.html}, eprint = {https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_13683_0a480d72bb920a81dbfa332d642326ba.pdf} } @article { author = {Soliman, Salah and Abdel-Wahhab, Mohammed and Abdel-Tawab, Mahmoud and Abdel-Wahhaband, Khaled and Abd El-Reheem, Abdel-Baset}, title = {Possible Protective Effect of Natural Extracts of Rosemary and Parsley Against Isoniazid-induced Nephrotoxicity in Adult Male Albino Rats}, journal = {Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology}, volume = {8}, number = {1}, pages = {87-104}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences}, issn = {2090-0767}, eissn = {2090-083X}, doi = {10.21608/eajbsc.2016.13684}, abstract = {The treatment of tuberculosis (TB) has been reported to induce nephrotoxicity arised in association with hepatotoxicity. Isoniazid (INH), being the first line drug used as anti-tuberculosis drugs, is known to induce renal toxicity associated with hepatotoxicity leading to termination of therapy in patients during the intensive phase. The present study aims to determine the protective effect of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) and parsley (Petroselinum crispum) aqueous extracts against Isoniazid-induced nephrotoxicity. To achieve this purpose, two main experiments were conducted; short-term study for 4 weeks and long-term one for 8 weeks. Adult male albino rats (120-150g) were randomly divided into 6 groups for each experiment (10 animals each) as follows: group (1) rats administrated with saline and served as control, group (2)  animals orally administrated with rosemary extract (440mg/kg body weight./day), group (3) animals administrated with parsley extract (250 mg/kg body weight./day), group (4) rats received Isoniazid alone (50 mg/kg body weight./day), group (5) rats  daily received Isoniazid in combination with rosemary extract, and group (6) rats daily received Isoniazid in combination with parsley extract. The administration of natural extracts or Isoniazid was orally and daily for four weeks for the short-term experiment and for eight weeks for the long-term one. At the end of each experiment, all rats were weighed then sacrificed and the biochemical investigations indicative of kidney function as serum creatinine, urea and uric acid were assayed. In addition, serum gamma glutamy ltransferase (GGT) activity and the levels of serum inorganic ions (Na+, K+ and total Ca++) were determined. Also, the change in the body weight gain was recorded. The results revealed that administration of rosemary or parsley extract in combination with isoniazid ameliorated the Isoniazid-induced nephrotoxicity. This was evidenced by the marked improvement in kidney function as monitored through the significant decrement in the elevated serum levels of creatinine, urea and uric acid in addition to the remarkable amelioration of GGT activity. Also, the administration of parsley or rosemary extracts in combination with Isoniazid normalized to some extent, the body weight gain and the other biochemical parameters in rats compared with those intoxicated with Isoniazid only. The improvement observed in the biochemical parameters was more pronounced in long-term study compared to the short-term one. In conclusion, either rosemary or parsley extract could play an evidenced beneficial role for prevention of Isoniazid-induced nephrotoxic effects. This protective effect could be attributed to the antioxidant activity of their major constituents.                                          }, keywords = {Isoniazid,Nephrotoxicity,Parsley,Rats,rosemary,tuberculosis}, url = {https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_13684.html}, eprint = {https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_13684_e41c1a023bc933ff86f2f4fcce79e80a.pdf} }