@article { author = {El-Halawany, Nermin and Abd-El-Razek, Fathy and El-Sayed, Yasmin A and El-Werdany, Afaf and Shawky, Abd-El-Monsif and Al-Tohamy, Ahmed and Abdel-Shafy, Hamdi}, title = {Genetic Polymorphisms in Exon-3 region of Growth Hormone Gene in the Egyptian Goat Breeds}, journal = {Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology}, volume = {9}, number = {2}, pages = {1-8}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences}, issn = {2090-0767}, eissn = {2090-083X}, doi = {10.21608/eajbsc.2017.13662}, abstract = {Background: In Egypt, the importance of goats comes from its potential source of meat and milk production. Thus, goat productivity improvement acts as a global strategy to provide Egyptians by important source of protein feeding. Molecular techniques have been employed to analyze growth hormone (GH) gene that promotes goat muscles, bone formation, regulating fat content and other important traits in goat. Our objective was to document and find out an accurate genetic marker sites, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in exon-3 region of GH gene in some Egyptian goat breeds. Methods:  Fifteen blood samples were collected from three Egyptian goat breeds (Baladi, Barki and Zaraibi), DNA was isolated and primer was used to amplify GH gene region corresponding to exon-3 region. Finally, sequencing methodology was applied for PCR products regarding the three goat breeds. Results: The results showed four nucleotide substitutions; The first  SNP (CàT) was located at nucleotide position 106, the second SNP( GàA) was located at nucleotide position118 and the third  SNP (GàA) was located at nucleotide position 128 .Finally, the fourth  SNP (TàC) was located at nucleotide position 136. It was found that the SNP (GàA) at nucleotide position 128 caused an amino acid change from Glycine to Serine in the protein sequence of GH gene. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrated several genetic variations across exon-3 region of GH gene which can be used as marker in selection of goats with high valued traits. }, keywords = {Egyptian Goat,Growth hormone gene,Sequencing,Single Nucleotide,Polymorphism (SNP)}, url = {https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_13662.html}, eprint = {https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_13662_e49d3e831edae79d09dda0db4275f73c.pdf} } @article { author = {Meky, Nefissa and Haggag, Amal and Kamal, Amaal and Ahmed, Zeinab}, title = {The Protective Effect of L-carnitine against Gamma Irradiation- Induced Cardiotoxicity in Male Albino Rats.}, journal = {Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology}, volume = {9}, number = {2}, pages = {9-20}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences}, issn = {2090-0767}, eissn = {2090-083X}, doi = {10.21608/eajbsc.2017.13663}, abstract = {The aim of this study was focused on the possible protective effect of L-carnitine against gamma radiation induced cardiotoxicity in male albino rats. Forty albino rats were divided into four equal groups as follows: Control group without radiation (placebo), L-carnitine treated group (rats were given orally L-carnitine at a dose of 300 mg/kg/day), irradiated group (animals subjected to whole body gamma irradiation at a dose level of 6Gy)and irradiated group pretreated with L-carnitine (animals were treated orally with L-carnitine at a dose of 300 mg/kg/day before irradiation then exposed to whole body gamma irradiation at a dose of 6Gy). Cardiotoxicity was assessed by measuring the serum levels of CK, CK-MB, LDH, AST, cTnI, TAC, MDA and lipid profile. The obtained results revealed that the administration of L-carnitine to irradiated rats significantly ameliorated the changes occurred in the investigated biochemical parameters. In conclusion, L-carnitine acts as a potent scavenger of free radicals to prevent or ameliorate the toxic effects of gamma irradiation. Also, L-carnitine might provide substantial protection against radiation-induced cardiotoxicity.}, keywords = {cardiotoxicity,γ-radiation,L-carnitine,male rats,antioxidants,Free radicals}, url = {https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_13663.html}, eprint = {https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_13663_fd86465b5881b8eda44a7713edbcefd8.pdf} } @article { author = {Reda, Labiba and Ebeed, Naglaa and EL-Samman, M. and Mostafa, M. and Ahmed, M.}, title = {Identification of Ganoderma Isolates from Egypt Based on Morphological Characters and ITS1-rDNA Genetic Marker}, journal = {Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology}, volume = {9}, number = {2}, pages = {21-38}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences}, issn = {2090-0767}, eissn = {2090-083X}, doi = {10.21608/eajbsc.2017.13664}, abstract = {The basidiomycete fungus Ganoderma Karst., a polyporoid genus within the family Ganodermataceae of the order Aphyllophorales, is worldwide in distribution. The accurate identification of the Ganoderma is still controversial particularly for the tropical species due to high variability in the basidiocarp morphology, and complicated speciation which leads to misidentification by traditional taxonomic methods. Specimen of Ganoderma basidiocarps were collected from different hosts (Navel orange, Oil palm, Fan palm, Casuarina and Morus) in Giza and Qalyubia governorates, Egypt and were identified to species level according to its morphological characters  as well as PCR and nucleotide sequence analysis of the ribosomal 5.8S r-DNA gene and the flanking internal transcribed spacers (ITS) utilizing specific primers with ITS 1 region as a target. Isolates of Ganoderma resinaceum were described for the first time in Egypt, where, morphological and cultural observations and phylogenetic analysis of ITS1 sequences revealed that all isolates collected from infected trees belong to a single species Ganoderma resinaceum.}, keywords = {Ganoderma resinaceum,Identification Micromorphology rDNA-ITS1 Phylogeny}, url = {https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_13664.html}, eprint = {https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_13664_b2fb9c1a14f8d1f5533769bad1f79189.pdf} } @article { author = {El Hefny, Ingy and Walaa, Ayman and Diab, Ayman and Hozayen, Walaa and Al-Senosy, Neima K}, title = {Carcinogenic and Cytotoxic Effect of Some Food Additives on Drosophila melanogaster and Human Cell Lines}, journal = {Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology}, volume = {9}, number = {2}, pages = {39-50}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences}, issn = {2090-0767}, eissn = {2090-083X}, doi = {10.21608/eajbsc.2017.13665}, abstract = {Some food additives that are commonly used by humans were recently proved to be mutagenic. It is of significant importance to evaluate their genotoxic effects, since they are frequently consumed by humans in their daily meals. In this proposal, we investigated the effects of sodium sulphite, boric acid, and benzoic acid on human cell lines; liver cancer (HepG2), colon cancer (HCT-116), lung cancer (A-459), and normal lung (Wi38) and cells were evaluated using neutral red cytotoxicity assay and assessed using the somatic mutation and recombination test (SMART). These compounds at 100mM concentrations induced tumor induction and increased the frequency compared to a negative control in SMART assay. Also, they reduced the viability of the four examined cell lines cells using different concentrations (75, 150, 300 and 600µg/ml). Boric acid had the highest toxic effect while benzoic had the lowest on the examined cells. The toxicity effect of the tested food additives was higher on normal lung human cells than on lung cancer cells, therefore, these food additives may act as carcinogenic agents}, keywords = {mutagenic,Genotoxic,human cell lines,Drosophila,food additives}, url = {https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_13665.html}, eprint = {https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_13665_35f6b7bd677037f87fb3a56ccb2e1c40.pdf} } @article { author = {Aly, Fayza}, title = {Protective Effects of Zinc Chloride on Cyclophosphamide-Induced Genotoxicity in Male Albino Rat Tissues in vivo}, journal = {Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology}, volume = {9}, number = {2}, pages = {51-67}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences}, issn = {2090-0767}, eissn = {2090-083X}, doi = {10.21608/eajbsc.2017.13666}, abstract = {The aim of this study was to assess the potential protective effect of zinc chloride (ZnCl2) as an antioxidant against the cytotoxic and mutagenic effects induced by yclophosphamide (chemotherapeutic agent), using mutagenicity tests; molecular assay, chromosomal aberrations (CA),  and Mitotic index (MI) in vivo as the biomarkers. The experiment was designed as four groups (6 rats per group). Group 1 was injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with saline solution (1 ml/kg body weight) every other day for 20 days and served as (control group). Group 2 (the treated group) was injected i.p. with a single dose of CP (200 mg/kg b. w.). Group 3  was injected i.p. with a single dose of CP (200 mg/kg b. w.) and treated simultaneous by ZnCl2 (4 mg/kg b. w.) every other day for 20 days, while group 4 (the protective group) was pretreated with  ZnCl2 (4 mg/kg b. w.) every other day for 20 days, then treated with a single dose of CP (200 mg/kg b. w.) on the 21st day and was left. The experiment extended for 45 days after the treatment with the cyclophosphamide dose. The results revealed changes in the number, position, and intensity of DNA fragments for  liver and kidney tissues in the treated rats with cyclophosphamide, in addition to significant decline in mitotic index and increase in the frequency of chromosomal aberrations compared with the control group. These results may be attributed to the fact that cyclophosphamide can induce genotoxicity through DNA damage in healthy cells. In comparison, rats that were treated simultaneous and pretreated  with  zinc chloride and then treated with a single dose of cyclophosphamide showed marked improvement in DNA fragments, decrease in the frequency of chromosomal aberration, and an elevation in mitotic index. Furthermore, pretreatment with zinc chloride revealed more protective role in mitotic index and reduce markedly DNA damage and chromosomal aberrations that induced by cyclophosphamide than those showed with the treatment with zinc chloride simultaneity with Cp treatment. Pretreatment of Zinc chloride may open an interesting field concerning its possible use in medicine applications, as a   protective treatment to reduce the side effects that can occur by cyclophosphamide treatment and other chemotherapeutic agents.}, keywords = {cyclophosphamide,zinc chloride,DNA damage,chromosomal aberrations and mitotic index}, url = {https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_13666.html}, eprint = {https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_13666_da474e9e9f2bd9077f94d54d370e93b6.pdf} } @article { author = {Elderbi, Mahmoud and Mohamed, Abdel Wahab and Ahmed, Ali}, title = {The Protective Effect of Acacia senegal gum against Gentamicin-Induced Nephrotoxicity In Albino Rats}, journal = {Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology}, volume = {9}, number = {2}, pages = {69-75}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences}, issn = {2090-0767}, eissn = {2090-083X}, doi = {10.21608/eajbsc.2017.13667}, abstract = {Introduction: Acacia senegal gum is commonly known as Arabic gum or gum Arabic(GA) which obtained from the branches and stems of the trees as a dried gummy exudates. It is widely used in food and pharmaceutical industries as emulsifier and suspending agent. It has many pharmacologic effects including gastrointestinal effects such as increasing the short chain fatty acids and enhance water and electrolytes intestinal absorption but variable effects on lipid metabolism. In chronic renal failure patients, gum arabic reduces serum urea nitrogen. It is a potent superoxide scavenger so that it have a good protective activity against acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity and doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in rats.  The Aim of study: In the present study, we investigated the protective effect of Acacia senegal gum against gentamicin (GM)-induced nephrotoxicity in male albino rats. Materials and Method: The animals were divided into three groups A (Control), B (GM-only treated rats, 80mg/Kg, IM for 7days) and C (GA 10g/100ml water, orally for 4weeks prior to GM treatment). The nephrotoxicity was evaluated biochemically by determination level of serum Creatinine (Crea), Urea (Urea) and Uric acid (UA) level and histologically by microscopic examination the degree of proximal tubular damage. Results: The results showed significant increase in the level of Crea, Urea and UA in animals treated with GM only. In group (C), the level of Crea was high significant compared with the control but the level of Urea was significantly decreased compared with the control and the level of UA was significantly decreased compared with group B but higher than the control. Conclusion: These results suggest that Acacia senegal gum has some nephroprotective in rats, may be due to its antioxidant activities of GA.}, keywords = {Acacia Senegal,Nephrotoxicity,albino rats}, url = {https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_13667.html}, eprint = {https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_13667_b51935a06fc0e0697ce55e73ecbd09b0.pdf} } @article { author = {Abdelrazek, Heba and Zeidan, Dalia and Eltamany, Dalia and Ebaid, Hala}, title = {Uncaria tomentosa (cat claw) Counteracts Chronic Fipronil-induced Endocrine Disruption Induced Insulin Resistance and Hepatic Damage in Male Albino Rats}, journal = {Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology}, volume = {9}, number = {2}, pages = {77-85}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences}, issn = {2090-0767}, eissn = {2090-083X}, doi = {10.21608/eajbsc.2017.26279}, abstract = {The current study investigated the ability of Uncaria tomentosa (cat claw) to counteract fipronil (FIP) induced metabolic abnormalities.  A total of 20 male adult albino rats were randomly divided into 4 groups (5 rats each). Control rats received only dis. water, Uncaria group was treated by dietary Uncaria 5g/kg, fipronil group rats treated with 3.23 mg/kg of FIP, and fipronil and Uncaria co-treated group was given 3.23 mg/kg FIP with 5g/kg dietary Uncaria.  The doses were given every day for consecutive 12 weeks. Body weight, food intake and food conversion ratio (FCR) were determined. Blood samples were collected for estradiol and lipid profile estimation. Plasma liver enzymes were assayed. .Glucose and insulin were determined for Homa IR calculation. Liver tissues and abdominal fat were fixed for histopathological examinations. FIP-treated rats had no influence on body weight gain however, it increased (P<0.05) the food conversion ratio than other groups. Estradiol level was significantly (P<0.05) reduced by FIP however Uncaria ameliorated this decrease. Rats administrated FIP exhibited significantly higher cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoproteins (LDL) and liver enzymes (AST, and ALT) more than those in the other groups while it decreased (P<0.05) high-density lipoproteins (HDL). FIP produced a significant increase in insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) that was ameliorated by Uncaria. The liver of FIP-treated rats revealed vacuolar degeneration, lymphocytic infiltration and focal necrosis. Moreover, FIP increased diameter of fat cells. Uncaria combated FIP induced insulin resistance, liver damage and adiposity. Cat claw could effectively protect against metabolic disruption induced by FIP.}, keywords = {Rats,Uncaria,Fipronil,Liver,Insulin Resistance}, url = {https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_26279.html}, eprint = {https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_26279_5dcca104cc294a7ee4df720d0c841c35.pdf} }