Evaluation of ameliorative effect of allicin (diallyl thiosulfinate) on experimentally induced diabetes mellitus in albino rats
Sasikumar
Dhanarasu
Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Hail, Hail, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
author
text
article
2015
eng
Background: Diabetes causes increased oxidative stress, to play an important role in the pathogenesis of various diabetic complications. The present study investigated the protective potential of allicin against diabetes in rat model.
Methodology: Animals were injected a single dose of streptozotocin (55mg/kg.b.wt) to induce diabetes. Control and diabetic rats were treated with allicin (20 mg/kg.b.wt) for 30 days. Glibenclamide (10mg/kg.b.wt) was used as a positive control. After the experimental regimen, the rats were sacrificed and the blood was collected and serum was separated. Blood sugar, body weight, total protein, oxidative stress markers (TBARS, CAT, SOD and GSH) and inflammatory markers (TNF-α and IL-6) were used to bio-monitor the protective potential of allicin.
Results: The experimental animals lost weight significantly, exhibited elevated blood sugar levels, decreased protein levels (p<0.05) in comparison to control animals; these alteration were corrected after allicin therapy. The significant elevation of TBARS content, reduction in total glutathione content and declined CAT and SOD activities in experimental animals; which were normalized following allicin therapy. The altered serum inflammatory markers were significantly reduced to near normal levels. No significant alterations in allicin alone administered rats.
Conclusion: We thus conclude that allicin has potent antihyperglycemic, anti-lipidperoxidative and anti- inflammatory potential in diabetic animals.
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology
Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences
2090-0767
7
v.
1
no.
2015
1
10
https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_13698_969344bdea1a1dd86c8f5830206c140b.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/eajbsc.2015.13698
Is vaccine for Hepatitis E virus required at Aseer Region, Saudi Arabia?
Essam
Ibrahim
1-Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, P.O. Box 9004, Saudi Arabia
2-Department of Blood Products Quality Control and Research, National
author
text
article
2015
eng
Viral hepatitis is one of the major problem worldwide. The detection of hepatitis E virus (HEV) antibodies IgM (HEV-IgM) and HEV-RNA in donated blood in Aseer Region (Southern part of Kingdom of Saudi Arabia) to detect its prevalence was attempted. The study was conducted on random blood samples collected from healthy blood donor volunteers, who were referred to blood transfusion centers found at Aseer region, during the period from March 2012 to January 2013. All the collected blood units were screened for HEV-IgM, hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), anti-HBc, hepatitis C virus (HCV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) 1 and 2, human T-cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV) I/II, venereal disease research laboratory (VDRL), and malaria. All donated blood samples were checked for HBV-DNA, HCV-RNA, and HIV-RNA by nucleic acid test (NAT) technology. Of 7267 donors (26 females (0.36%) and 7241 males (99.64%)) blood donors screened, with median age of 28 (female) and 30 years (males), 10 (0.13%) were HEV-IgM near positive of them one was almost positive for HEV-IgM but negative by RT-PCR. In conclusion, prevalence of HEV-IgM in blood donors at Asser region is zero. Vaccination program against HEV is still needed to prevent future outbreaks. Further studies are warranted to determine the true seroprevalence of the virus in the society at large.
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology
Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences
2090-0767
7
v.
1
no.
2015
11
26
https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_13699_4198a6362db7215df4a183bd1580067d.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/eajbsc.2015.13699
Prevalence of HbS Gene in Marzouk Region of Southern Libya
Abdelbaset
Elasbali
Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Ha’il, Ha’il-2440, Saudi Arabia
author
Annour
Alalem
Faculty of Medical Technology, University of Sebha, Sabha- 18758, Libya
author
Eyad
Alshammari
Department of Clinical nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Ha’il, Ha’il-2440, Saudi Arabia
author
Saif
Khan
Department of Clinical nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Ha’il, Ha’il-2440, Saudi Arabia
author
Mohd
Adnan
Department of Clinical nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Ha’il, Ha’il-2440, Saudi Arabia
author
Shafiul
Haque
-Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing & Applied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan-45142, Saudi Arabia
-Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi-110025, India
author
text
article
2015
eng
This study assesses the homozygous and heterozygous status of sickle cell disease (SCD) and evaluates the relationship between consanguinity and the occurrence of HbS gene in families living in Marzouk region of Libya. The study revealed higher frequency (53.34%) of sickle cell trait (HbAS) in Marzouk region; whereas the prevalence of sickle cell anemia (HbSS) was nearly 10%. Out of 210 subjects, two cases of sickle cell with HbC (0.95%) were noticed. High frequency of consanguinity (72%) found in this study suggests that interrelation marriages are very common in Marzouk region and these are one of the major factors for high rate of sickle cell trait. In addition, large family size (average of 6-10 children/family) plays an important role in increasing the frequency of HbS. Surprisingly the carriers of HbAS showed some clinical complications of HbSS like jaundice and joints splenomegaly. Interestingly, one case of aplastic crisis was also detected in HbAS carriers. In the long run these findings will help in deciphering the mechanisms of the disease processes within SCD and management of the disease by implementing effective control measures and prevention strategies (like, genetic counseling, pre-marital screening etc.) along with care and rehabilitation of the affected population.
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology
Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences
2090-0767
7
v.
1
no.
2015
27
37
https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_13700_8d08af13fbde2134e99636cc5f713065.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/eajbsc.2015.13700
Molecular phylogenetic relationship among three Acanthodactylus species (Reptilia: Lacertidae) in Egypt based on 18S rRNA Sequences
Moustafa
Sarhan
Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut
author
Islam
Saber
Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut
author
Mohamed
El-Shehaby
Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University,
author
Samy
Saber
Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo
author
text
article
2015
eng
Acanthodactylus is a genus of lacertid lizard, commonly referred to as fringe-fingered lizards or fringe-toed lizards. The systematics of the genus Acanthodactylus was classically based on external morphological traits, osteological characters and morphology of the hemipenes. In this study, partial sequences of 18S rRNA gene were used to estimate the relationships among three lacertide species from Egypt: Acanthodactylus boskianus, Acanthodactylus scutellatus and Acanthodactylus longipes. These data were used together with morphological information, to evaluate the relationships among these three species. DNA was extracted from the collected specimens, 988 bp fragment of 18S rRNA was amplified using universal primers and sequenced. The obtained sequences were analyzed and a phylogenetic tree was constructed. Results of analysis revealed that A. scutellatus and A. longipes form a very well supported clade with 86% bootstrap. A. boskianus was found to constitute a separate clade. The resultant tree based on DNA sequence data was similar to that produced from a differentially weighted data set of morphological characters. In conclusion, the 18S rRNA gene sequence seems to be a good marker for phylogenetic analysis of Acanthodactylus species.
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology
Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences
2090-0767
7
v.
1
no.
2015
39
49
https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_13701_419e7bd0b07500af3bce2b74ae8ae9dd.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/eajbsc.2015.13701
Efficacy of aggregation pheromone in trapping red palm weevil (Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier) infested Date palms in Damietta, Egypt.
Mohammed
El-Bokl
1-Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, Egypt & Zoology
2-Department, faculty of Education, Al-Kubba, Omar Al-Mukhtar university, Libya.
author
Abdel Raof
Sallam
3-Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Egypt
author
Gamal
Abdallah
4-Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, Egypt
author
Basma
Gabr
4-Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, Egypt
author
text
article
2015
eng
The study was applied on date palm plantations of Ezbet Al-Gabaila, Kafr Al-Battikh, Damietta, Egypt to determine RPW population fluctuation, correlation with environmental factors (temperature & relative humidity) and sex ratio during the experimental period from March 2013 to February 2014. Results indicated that the total number of captured weevils was 2184 weevil. Based on chi square test, there was a highly significant difference in numbers of captured weevils from month to another. The highest number of weevils was 698 weevils, captured in March but the lowest catch was 49 weevils recorded in December. Two major population peaks were noticed: the first peak reached its maximum in March; the second peak started in September, reached its maximum in October. Also significant difference was found between males and females as sex ratio was about 1 male: 2.6 females; this proved the ability of the tested pheromones to capture more females than males weevils in the traps which makes trapping a potential tool for managing this economic insect. There was a linear relation between the numbers of captured RPWs and both temperature and humidity, respectively. These relations was a high significant positive relation found between number of captured RPWs using pheromone traps and field temperature conditions, while a high significant negative relation was found with field relative humidity. Results concluded that the pheromone traps have a great effect in capturing adults of RPWs.
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology
Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences
2090-0767
7
v.
1
no.
2015
51
59
https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_13702_5d4173bf97c3b24ebf18458c06b69650.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/eajbsc.2015.13702
Effect of Follicular Stimulating Hormone and Leutinizing Hormone on Reproduction, Physiological and Biochemical Changes of Oreochromis niloticus
El-Sayed
Shokr
Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Hail University, KSA
author
text
article
2015
eng
The fish were divided into four groups, control group and three groups injected intramuscularly with follicular stimulating hormone and leutinizing hormone (FSH and LH) 10, 20 and 40 μg kg− 1 body weight dissolved in 0.6% NaCl under a natural temperature regime. The fish were held in large tanks contained water from their farm. The fish were fed with 30 % protein diet during experiment. Females and males Oreochromis niloticus 150 - 160 g body weight from Abbasa farm were injected with a doses of follicular stimulating hormone and leutinizing hormone (10, 20 and 40 μg kg− 1 body weight) three times a week, The result showed multiple ovulations and spawns within a period of approximately 30 days. Plasma levels of 17β-estradiol (E2), follicular stimulating hormone (FSH) and leutinizing hormone (LH) were elevated at 30 days post-treatment, preceding the spawns with the highest fecundity, concomitant with a decrease in the levels of plasma testosterone (T). However, follicular stimulating hormone and leutinizing hormone (10, 20 and 40 μg kg− 1 body weight) treatment in males increased plasma levels of testesterone and 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT) during injection. These results show that administration of follicular stimulating hormone and leutinizing hormone (10, 20 and 40 μg kg− 1 body weight) induces multiple spawns in Oreochromis niloticus. where, approximately 100% increase in red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), hematocrit value (Hc) and hemoglobin content (Hb) respectively. Also, there are increased in serum glucose level, total protein, aspartate and alanine amino transferase activities (AST and ALT) and increased serum creatinine and uric acid concentration after administration of follicular stimulating hormone and leutinizing hormone (10, 20 and 40 μg kg− 1 body weight) respectively. The results indicate that the fish that administration of follicular stimulating hormone and leutinizing hormone (10, 20 and 40 μg kg− 1 body weight) increase blood constituents, serum glucose level, serum total protein and serum AST, ALT activities, creatinine and uric acid level. These data suggest that fish respond to administration of follicular stimulating hormone and leutinizing hormone (10, 20 and 40 μg kg− 1 body weight) by increasing their WBCs, enzymes of liver functions and kidney functions.
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology
Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences
2090-0767
7
v.
1
no.
2015
61
73
https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_13703_c8a34d3b114058a78f81d2de9384d324.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/eajbsc.2015.13703
Effect of Exam Stress on Heart Rate Variability Parameters in Healthy Students
El-Sayed A
Shokr
Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine University of Ha’il, K. S. A.
author
text
article
2015
eng
Since exam is characterized by stress-induced autonomic cardiac sensations, such as increased heart rate and palpitations, effects of experimental psycho-social stress on heart rate variability are of interest. Medical student usually study under high stress and its reported that most of medical students are more stressful than their colleagues in the other colleges. The time and frequency domain analysis of HRV were performed to assess the changes in sympathovagal balance in a group of 50 healthy students with normal electrocardiogram (ECG) at rest exposed to exam stress. The heart rate variability was recorded before and after exam. The frequency domain variables were computed using PowerLab® acquisition system: very low frequency (VLF) power, low frequency (LF) power, high frequency (HF) power and LF/HF ratio was determined. There was no significant difference in time and frequency parameters in the period before exam compared of the period after exam. This may suggest that adapted our student to exam than that the other student in another college. Because the medical students have many exams per term, so they adapted to exam and not affected by it. Frequent exams in the system-based curriculum help students to mange exam stress.
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology
Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences
2090-0767
7
v.
1
no.
2015
75
81
https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_13704_3fc9546367283be4394e3246f51a318b.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/eajbsc.2015.13704
Obesity in Hai’l City, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA): is it a gender specific?
Eyad
Alshammari
Department of Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Science, University of Hail, Hai’l, KSA.
author
Abdulbaset
Elasbali
Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Science, University of Hail, Hai’l, KSA.
author
text
article
2015
eng
Background: Overweight and Obesity are not just a beautifying concern, but they increase the risk of several diseases.Being extremely obese or overweight is associated with several factors, including physical activity and gender; therefore, the objective of this study was to assess gender as a risk factor for overweight or obesity in the City of Hai’l in Northern KSA. Methodology: Data regarding height and weight and other demographical factors were collected from 1800 Saudi volunteers living at the city of Hail, KSA. Results: Of the 1800 included subjects, 1455/1800 (80.83%) have fully responded to all required parameters. Of the 1455 respondents, 699/1455 (48%) were males and 756/1455 (52%) were females. Of the 1455 subjects, 878/1455 (60.34%) were found overweight and obese, with females ratio more than males. Conclusion: Overweight and obesity are prevalent in Hail City with relatively higher females’ susceptibility.
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology
Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences
2090-0767
7
v.
1
no.
2015
83
90
https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_13705_2f4ea630eaa73e81791954295b5b39a1.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/eajbsc.2015.13705
Effect of Radiation on Heart Rate Variability Changes in Healthy Youth
El-Sayed
Shokr
Physiology Department, Faculty of medicine, University of Ha’il K. S. A.
author
text
article
2015
eng
The rapid increase in the use of mobile phones (MPs) in recent years has raised the problem of health risk connected with high-frequency electromagnetic fields. There are reports of headache, dizziness, numbness in the thigh, and heaviness in the chest among MP users. This paper deals with the neurological effect of electromagnetic fields radiated from MPs, by studies on heart rate variability (HRV) of 50 male volunteers. As heart rate is modulated by the autonomic nervous system, study of HRV can be used for assessing the neurological effect. The time and frequency domain analysis of HRV were performed to assess the changes in sympathovagal balance in a group of 50 male volunteers with normal electrocardiogram (ECG) at rest. The frequency domain variables were computed using PowerLab® acquisition system: very low frequency (VLF) power, low frequency (LF) power, high frequency (HF) power and LF/HF ratio was determined. ECG was recorded in standardized conditions: from 09:00 to 11:00 in the morning in a sitting position, within 15 min periods: before the telephone call (period I; control), during the call with use of mobile phone (period II), and after the telephone call (period III). Mobile phones (MP) are widely used especially by young people. It is possible that electromagnetic field (EMF) generated by MP may have an influence on the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and hence the heart rate variability (HRV). The aim of the study was to estimate the influence of the call with a mobile phone on HRV in young healthy people. Mean heart rate did not change significantly over 15 min period before the telephone call (period I, control), during 15 min telephone call (period II) and after the telephone call (period III) (respectively 96.62 ± 1.10; 126.80 ± 2.63; 106.21 ± 3.32). The analysis of the time domain HRV parameters for the period I, II and III showed that SDNN (Standard Deviation of Normal to Normal intervals) was significantly higher during the telephone call (period II, 214.72 ± 1.12) in comparison with period I (control, 195.49 ± 2.94) and period III (194.98 ± 4.77). The rest of the parameters of the time analysis did not differ significantly from each other. Frequency domain demonstrated that VLF, and HF parameters were significantly increased over the 15 minute period of the telephone call in comparison with the 15 min period before it. While LF was significantly decreased during 15 min period after the telephone calls in comparison with the time of the telephone call. LF/HF ratio was also significantly lower during the telephone call in comparison with the period before and after the telephone call. The increases in the parasympathetic tone concomitant with the decrease in the sympathetic tone, measured indirectly by analysis of heart rate variability, were observed during the mobile telephone call. HRV analysis may be used as a tool to monitor the effects of mobile phones on the cardiovascular system. Changes in heart rate variability during the call with a mobile phone could be affected by electromagnetic field, but the influence of speaking cannot be excluded.
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology
Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences
2090-0767
7
v.
1
no.
2015
91
98
https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_13706_59a8547b3ecdc8f6cfc7bede8514ec1b.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/eajbsc.2015.13706
Toxicological effect of the botanical extract castor oil seeds Ricinus communis and their biochemical activity on the cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Reda
Bakr
-Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shames University
-Department of Biology, College of Science and Arts, University of Bisha, Bisha, KSA
author
Al Bandari
Al Yousef
Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Princes Nora University, Riyadh, K.S.A.
author
Hassan
H.
Cotton leafworm department, Plant Protection Research Institute, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
author
text
article
2015
eng
The present work aimed to studying the effect of ethanol extract of Ricinus commnuis L. seeds on biological and physiological for cotton leafworm Spodoptera littoralis 2nd and 4th instar larvae. The results cleared that the larval duration were 17.08 &15.58 days and 10.11 & 9.36 days for treated and untreated of the 2nd & 4th instar larvae, respectively. The pupation percent was 60.0 and 96.0 % for treated and untreated of the 2nd instar larvae and 61.0 and 93.0 for treated and untreated of the 4th instar larvae. The pupal weight was affected by the botanical extract. The pupal duration was 11.40 and 11.71 days for treated and untreated of the 2nd instar larvae and it was 11.96 and 12.51 days for treated and untreated of the 4th instar larvae. The emergence % was 82.0 compare to 97.0 % and 86.0 compare to 98.0 % for the 2nd & 4th instar larvae, respectively. On the other hand, the malformed adult was 28.0 and 2.0 % for the 2nd instar larvae (treated and untreated) and 16.0 & 5.0 % for 4th instar larvae (treated and untreated), respectively. There are decreasing in fecundity for treatment by botanical extract to S. littoralis 2nd and 4th instar larvae. Effect of LC50 value of the tested plant extract on the biochemical aspects of the 4th larval instar of S. littoralis was detected. The biochemical aspects AST, ALT, alkaline and acid phosphatase and total protein activities post treatment were considered throughout the present study.
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology
Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences
2090-0767
7
v.
1
no.
2015
99
111
https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_13707_863578e7ca2df4a93d7e103dd864abd6.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/eajbsc.2015.13707
Determination of Lipid Peroxidation , Lipid profile and Vitamins A, E in Type ll Diabetes Mellitus
Salah Eldin
Hussien
College of Applied Medical Sciences,Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, University of Taibah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
author
AbdElgadir
Altoum
College of Medical Laboratory Science Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Sciences and Technology
author
Isam,
Sadig
College of Medical Laboratory Science, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Omdurman Islamic University
author
text
article
2015
eng
Background: Type 2 diabetes is the commonest form of diabetes and associated with multiple metabolic derangements that result in the excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress, the aim of present study was to Determined of Lipid Per oxidation , Lipid profile and Vitamins A, E In Sudanese with Type ll Diabetes Mellitus. Methodology:100 healthy subject were control group with mean FBS= 5.61m. mol/L,. The age ranged from (25-78) years old. The mean age average was50.2(years). Results: shows significant raised of the means of the plasma levels of malondialehyde, fasting plasma glucose, cholesterol, LDL, triglyceride, and HbA1c of the test group when compared with healthy control group subjects, whereas the means of the plasma levels of antioxidant vitamins (A, E),and HDL showed significant reduction when compared with that of control groupsignificant difference when compared with healthy subjects.
Conclusion: The present study shows that significant lipoprotein abnormalities in type 2 diabetic patients when compared with healthy subjects. The increased level of serum MDA and lower level of serum vitamin E clearly shows that diabetic patients was exposed to an increased oxidative stress via lipid peroxidation.
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology
Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences
2090-0767
7
v.
1
no.
2015
113
119
https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_13708_6663895c990147ae242128afcdcc32a1.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/eajbsc.2015.13708