Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology2090-076710220181201Molecular Analysis of Human Parechovirus in Cerebrospinal Fluid of Young Infants in Albaha, Saudi Arabia1102266210.21608/eajbsc.2018.22662ENShaia Saleh R.AlmalkiDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Albaha University, Albaha, Saudi Arabia0000-0002-5899-9035Journal Article20181223 Many studies show the involvement of Human Parechovirus (HPeV) especially HPeV3 with central nervous system (CNS) infection in young infants. The current study analysed the presence of HPeV in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to understand the epidemiological behaviour of parechoviruses and to examine their clinical associations in Albaha, Saudi Arabia. Real-time RT-PCR assay targeting the viral protein 1 (VP1) region was performed on RNA extracts of CSF specimens collected from young infants attending the tertiary care hospital at Albaha.
None of the samples analysed showed positivity for HPeVs presence. Suboptimal biological sample, the seasonal pattern of HPeVs infections and use of CSF only as the biological specimen might be some plausible reasons for the negative finding. Present study is the first such attempt in Saudi Arabia and thus it is pertinent that more stringent future studies using biological specimen of varying origins must be conducted to analyse the presence of HPeVs associated with asymptomatic infections or mild disease to severe disease symptoms in neonates and infants especially under the age of 3 months, before ruling out Human Parechovirus (HPeV) presence.https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_22662_09e9b63f37fc8c3d8116a5efe1910452.pdfEgyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology2090-076710220181201Comparative Biochemical Studies on the Effect of Nano-Magnetic Particles (Nps) and Graviola Leaves Extract on Adriamycin Induced-Gonadotoxicity in Male Albino Rats11252266310.21608/eajbsc.2018.22663ENAbd-Elraheim A.ElshaterˡDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena, EgyptRana A.AliˡDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena, EgyptMouchira M.MohiDepartment of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, EgyptHuda Y.GedawyDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena, EgyptJournal Article20181223<span lang="EN">Adriamycin (ADR) is an effective antineoplastic agent commonly used to treat different types of cancer. The use of ADR in clinical chemotherapy is limited due to diverse toxicities, including gonadotoxicity. The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of nano-magnetic particles </span><span lang="EN">(NFe3O4) and Graviola leaves extract and (NFe3O4 + Graviola leaves extract) against ADR -induced gonadotoxicity. The rats divided into 5 groups (10 rats per group).</span><span lang="EN"> The first group (normal g.), the second group received ADR alone (5 mg/kg body weight, i.p.) as (control g.), the third group received ADR followed by NFe3O4 (5 mg/kg body weight, i.p.), the fourth group received ADR followed by Graviola (200mg/kg body weight, orally), and the fifth group received ADR followed by NFe3O4(5 mg/kg body weight, i.p.) and Graviola leaves extract(200mg/kg body weight, orally). Animals were sacrificed 36 days after treatment and sex hormones (Testosterone and F.S.H) in serum. Also, the activities of antioxidants such as </span><span lang="EN">(SOD), (CAT), (GSH) and the level of (MDA) as a marker of lipid peroxidation were measured. In the ADR-exposed rats, Testosterone, F.S.H, GSH, SOD and CAT were significantly decreased, while MDA was significantly increased.</span><span lang="EN">When compared with normal animals. In the Group NFe3O4, graviola, and (NFe3O4 +graviola), Testosterone, F.S.H, GSH, SOD and CAT</span><span lang="EN"> enzymes levels were significantly increased, while MDA level was significantly decreased when compared with ADR treated animals. The results showed that there is a possibility that the ethanolic extract of graviola leaves and NFe3O4 ameliorate the gonadotoxicity induced by ADR in rats<strong>.</strong></span>https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_22663_0826a9032ce6250e63af564e0c578c6a.pdfEgyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology2090-076710220181201Direct PCR-Based Detection of Y Chromosome Strs Loci from Human Hair Samples27352266410.21608/eajbsc.2018.22664ENHassab El- Nabi S.E.Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Menofia, Egypt, P. O. Box 32511Elroby A.M.General Authority of Forensic Evidence, Ministry of Interior, Abbassia, Cairo, Egypt, P. O. Box 11517Geba K.M.Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Menofia, Egypt, P. O. Box 32511Journal Article20181223Direct-PCR is not common for Y chromosome in forensic laboratories in Egypt. The current investigation was carried out to evaluate the priority of direct PCR technique in Y-STR test over routine extraction method.Results showed that direct PCR over hair samples obtained from five persons who do not use any Hair waxes recorded higher scale of peak heights than those subjected to a prior-PCR DNA extraction. In addition, much better results for direct PCR were obtained when one hair was subjected to direct PCR amplification than using three hairs. This technique may solve the problems of rapid and cost-reducing genotyping of forensic samples, as well as may improve the fluorescence detection of some genetic loci.https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_22664_ce31adabd7230762df144010f15917b4.pdfEgyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology2090-076710220181201Screening the Antioxidant Activity of Aqueous and Ethanol Extracts from Fenugreek (Trigonella foenumgraecum) Seeds in Vitro37442266510.21608/eajbsc.2018.22665ENAnmar SaelHusseinCollege of medicine, Faluja University.Safa SalahSalmanBiology department , College of education, Iraqia UniversityHind Isam AbdullahAl-mashtaaCollege of density, Tikrit University, Branch basic ScienceMuna AhmedAbdullahCollege of density, Tikrit University, Branch basic ScienceNada H. A.L.Al-MudallalMicrobiology department, College of Medicine, Iraqia UniversityShaima Hassan AliAl-AbbasiUniversity of samaraSaja Jamal NomanAl-NasseriUniversity of TikritJournal Article20181223In this study was to prepare extracts aqueous and ethanol from Fenugreek <em>Trigonella foenumgraecum</em> Seeds powder, The aqueous extract and ethanol extract were used for analyzing the main phytochemical, nutrient and active groups composition of fenugreek seeds powder <em>Trigonella foenumgraecum</em>.The preliminary tests of active groups in extracts were carried out. It appeared to contain (alkaloids, flavonoids ,phenolic compounds , tannins ,terpenes and saponins) . The extracts were different in their content of active groups quantitatively and qualitatively. And to evaluate <em>in vitro</em> antioxidant activity of aqueous and ethanol seeds extracts of <em>Trigonella foenumgraecum</em>.,was used three different methods and all the three methods have proven the effectiveness ofextracts aqueous and ethanol from Fenugreek <em>Trigonella foenumgraecum</em> Seeds compared to the reference standard antioxidant ascorbic acid, Showed the study is conducted to estimate the activity of the extracts prepared from Fenugreek <em>Trigonella foenumgraecum</em> Seeds as antioxidant <em>in vitro</em> by measuring the reducing power and their capacity of scavenging hydrogen peroxide as compared with the standard compound ascorbic acid. The results indicated that the extracts aqueous and ethanol Fenugreek <em>Trigonella foenumgraecum</em> Seeds exhibited the highest had a reducing power and a capacity of scavenging hydrogen peroxide, and demonstrated that extracts antioxidant capacity less than the standard for the reducing power and phosphomolybdate reduction methods. This is observed through increasing the intensity of absorbance with increasing the concentration.https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_22665_426639b43f57f566b922e7ec0ca3074b.pdfEgyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology2090-076710220181201Anti-nephrotoxic and Antioxidant Efficiency of Rosmarinus Officinalis Extract Against Isoniazid®-Induced Nephropathy in Adult Male Albino Rats.45612266710.21608/eajbsc.2018.22667ENMahmoudAshryZoology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, EgyptMohamed A.MustafaBasic Centre of Science, Misr University for Science and Technology, EgyptHagar H.MouradMedical Physiology Department, National Research Centre, EgyptMahitab I.EL-KassabyMedical Physiology Department, National Research Centre, EgyptFatma AdlyMorsyPathology Department, National Research Centre, EgyptSayed O.N.Chemistry Department, Fayoum University, Cairo, EgyptKhaled G.Abdel-WahhabMedical Physiology Department, National Research Centre, EgyptJournal Article20181223<span>Tuberculosis accounted as a serious disease throughout the world, and nephrotoxicityis one of the most serious side effects of main anti-tuberculosis drugs. The objective of this study was to explore the nephro-protective potential of rosemary aqueous extract against Isoniazid<strong><sup>®</sup></strong>-induced nephrotoxicity. Adult male Wistar albino rats (150-170g) were randomly divided into four groups: 1) normal rats, 2) rats administrated with rosemary extract (440mg/kg/day), 3) rats received Isoniazid<strong><sup>®</sup></strong> (50mg/kg/day), and 4) rats treated with Isoniazid<strong><sup>®</sup></strong> in combination with rosemary extract. After eight weeks, the results revealed that rosemary extract along with Isoniazid<strong><sup>® </sup></strong>minimized the Isoniazid<strong><sup>®</sup></strong>-induced renal deterioration; this was evidenced by the significant reduction in serum levels of urea, creatinine, uric acid, TNF-α, IL-1β and Na<sup>+</sup> as well as kidney MDA, nitric oxide and DNA fragmentation .This was matched with a marked enhancement in calcium and K<sup>+</sup> serum levels. and so kidney GSH, and Na<sup>+</sup>/K<sup>+</sup> ATPase activity. Moreover, the histopathological findings showed a potential protection as the extract succeeded in prevention of Isoniazid<strong><sup>®</sup></strong> induced tissue degenerations. In conclusion, rosemary extract could play a beneficial role for the prevention of Isoniazid<strong><sup>®</sup></strong>-nephrotoxicity </span><span>via its anti-oxidative and anti-nitrosative voltage<em>.</em></span>https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_22667_d5c620dccd7c0e7daa6f8760c19f18b1.pdfEgyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology2090-076710220181201Assessment of some Heavy Metals in Water and Tissues of Tilapia Spp. Collected from Wadi El-Rayan Lakes. El-Fayoum Egypt and their Impacts on some Biochemical Parameters63812266810.21608/eajbsc.2018.22668ENFathia K.MohamedDepartment of Chemistry .Faculty of Science .Fayoum University El-Fayoum EgyptNahed S.GadNational Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Cairo, EgyptSahar S.AtreesDepartment of Chemistry .Faculty of Science .Fayoum University El-Fayoum EgyptNoura S. A.HassanDepartment of Chemistry .Faculty of Science .Fayoum University El-Fayoum EgyptJournal Article20181223The present study was carried on the Wadi El - Rayan lakes from spring 2015 to winter 2016. Seasonal water samples were collected from several selected sites to cover most parts of the two lakes to assess some heavy metals concentration (Fe, Pb, Cu, Cd, Zn and Mn). Samples of Tilapia Spp. fish were collected regularly during four successive seasons from Wadi El-Rayan Lakes (upper) and (lower). To evaluate the concentration of different heavy metals in the tissues (muscles, liver, gills). Also Biochemical parameters in fish serum such as analysis of (Glucose, Urea, Creatinine, the activity of liver enzymes (AST - ALT) enzyme activity, Triglycerides, Total Cholesterol, and Total proteins were analyzed. The results showed that the level of heavy metals (Fe, Pb, Cu, Cd, Zn and Mn) in the permissible limit except (Fe and Pb) were higher than the permissible limit and it concentration in water samples follow the order Fe > Mn> Pb> Cu> Zn and Cd also, the results showed the concentration in fish (muscles) within the permissible limits except (Fe). The results of biochemical parameters showed an increase in these parameters (serum Glucose, Urea, Creatinine, Cholesterol, Triglycerides, Total proteins, AST and ALT), this increase was significant in (Glucose, Urea, Creatinine, Cholesterol, Triglycerides, AST and ALT activities) and not significant in (Total proteins). https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_22668_03316b5003aa152fa969cc8e810015c5.pdfEgyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology2090-076710220181201Assessment of Genotoxicity of Potassium Nitrate and Sodium Benzoate in Drosophila melanogaster Using Smart and Comet Assays83972271510.21608/eajbsc.2018.22715ENAmal Z.AledwanyDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, EgyptWesam T.BasalDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, EgyptNeima K.Al-SenosyDepartment of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, EgyptAliaa M.IssaDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, EgyptJournal Article20181224<span>Modern food industry increasingly relies on food additives. The dramatic increase in the demand on preserved ready to eat food products making up to 75 percent of the diet of western society lead to neglectance of the harmful effects of the food additives on human health; among these are hypersensitivity, allergic reactions, genotoxicity, mutagenicity and more. </span><span>This proposal investigates genotoxic effects of two commonly used food preservatives; sodium benzoate and potassium nitrate using the somatic mutation and recombination test (SMART) and comet assay. </span><span>Two important end points of genotoxicity can be covered by <em>in vivo</em> assay systems; comet assay detects DNA damage, while the <em>Drosophila</em> transgenic animal model recognizes gene mutation and/or chromosomal aberrations</span><span>. Both of the tested compounds showed significantly high levels of tumor induction and frequency compared to a negative control in SMART assay accompanied with a significant amount of DNA damage detected by the comet assay indicating their high potential of being genotoxic materials</span>https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_22715_ad12762ce3da18a71cab73956d43ad1f.pdfEgyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology2090-076710220181201Tramadol Biological Effects: Ⅰ: Effective Therapeutic Efficacy of Lagenaria siceraria Preparation (Gamal & Aref1) and Melatonin on Cell Biological, Histochemical and histopathological Changes in Ileum of Tramadol-Induced Male Mice991246641110.21608/eajbsc.2018.66411ENAbdel-Baset M.ArefZoology Department, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Egypt. IACUC of SVU in EgyptMaha A.MomenahNourah bint Abdulrahman University, KSAMariam M.JadZoology Department, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Egypt. IACUC of SVU in Egypt.MargitSemmlerDiabetes Research Institute, Düsseldorf University, Düsseldorf, Germany. IACUC of SVUJournal Article20180805 Tramadol is used worldwide and is listed in many medical guidelines to treat both acute and chronic pain. There is growing evidence of abuse of tramadol in some African and West Asian countries. Tramadol has some side effects. The present study was designed a follow-up and treatment of the cell biological, histochemical and Pathological response which might be induced in the ileum of tramadol application. A total number of 70 adult males Swiss albino mice were obtained and survived during experiments from/in (Autoradiographic lab. of Cell Biology and Immunology studies, Faculty of Science, South Valley University), under supervision Dr. Abdel-baset Aref Mohamed. At the time of the experiments, the mice were aged 90 ± 5 days and weighed 30 ± 2 g. All male mice were kept under the same conditions of light-dark cycle (12h-12h), temperature (23 ± 2<sup>o</sup>c), and humidity (37-40%). They were supplied standard food and water <em>ad libitum</em>. The daily injections of tramadol for 20 reach to 40 days highly changed the volume of nuclei and protein, RNA and DNA materials contained in the cells lining ileum, therefore, extensively and severely destructions showed in the normal histological architecture of ileum of male mice. <br /> Finally, we could say, Although, tramadol has many cytological, histochemical and histopathological, side effects on ileum of male mice but the treatments with <em>Lagenaria siceraria</em> and melatonin have a more effective therapeutic effect on tramadol side effects.https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_66411_5bcbf3ebc85cf468e289cc64f2558e1a.pdf